河北坝上农田、退耕地和天然草地土壤的可风蚀性

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00084

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对河北坝上农田、退耕地和天然草地土壤干团聚体稳定性（DASt）、土壤可蚀度（EF）和理化性质进行分析，讨论了这3种土地利用类型土壤风蚀可蚀性的差异及其与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明：农田和天然草地EF与DASt值差异性显著（P<0.05），天然草地和退耕地、退耕地和农田差异性不显著，对于EF和DASt，天然草地 > 退耕地> 农田；对于平均粒径，农田≈退耕地>天然草地；对于土壤机械组成黏粒与粉粒含量，天然草地 > 退耕地 > 农田；对于砾石含量，农田 > 退耕地 > 天然草地；对于土壤有机质和全氮含量，天然草地 > 退耕地 > 农田。农田、退耕地、天然草地的DASt、EF系数与砾石含量、平均粒径有着显著相关性，有机质、全氮含量和DASt在天然草地上极显著负相关；EF与有机质、全氮含量在3种地类显著负相关。坝上地区草地和退耕地土壤肥力较高，但表层土壤具有很高的风蚀潜力，因此要限制开垦草地，在必要的地区继续退耕还林还草，提高地表植被的覆盖度，防风固沙，提高土壤肥力，减少土壤风蚀。

关键词: 土地利用类型, 土壤风蚀, 可蚀性, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: In this research, we analyzed parameters related to wind erosion (erodible fraction of soil, EF and dry aggregate stability, DASt) of different land use types including farmland, abandoned farmland and grassland in Bashang Area, Hebei Province, China. The relationships between the DASt or EF and soil physical-chemical properties for different land use types were also investigated. The results showed that the wind erodiblility (EF and DASt) of farmland is significantly different from that of grassland(P<0.05), and the differences of the wind erodiblility for grassland versus abandoned farmland and abandoned farmland versus farmland were not significant; The DASt and EF values of different land use types were ranked as grassland > abandoned farmland > farmland; The average particle sizes were ranked as farmland ≈ abandoned farmland > grassland; The contents of clay and silt fractions were ranked as grassland > abandoned farmland > farmland; The gravel contents were ranked as farmland>abandoned farmland>grassland; The soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were ranked as grassland > abandoned farmland > farmland. There were significant correlations between the DASt or EF and the gravel contents or the average particle sizes, respectively; There was a significant negative correlation between the soil organic matter or total nitrogen contents and DASt on the natural grassland; There was a significant negative correlation between the EF and the soil organic matter or total nitrogen contents on the three land use. The results indicated that soil fertility of the grassland and the abandoned farmland was relatively better than farmland in Bashang Area, but the topsoil of the grassland and the abandoned farmland had higher wind erosion potential. Therefore, grassland reclaim should be prevented, and some farmlands undergoing wind erosion should be returned to forests or grassland. The vegetation coverage should be increased on the grassland to improve soil fertility and further to prevent wind erosion.

Key words: land use types, wind erosion, erodibility, soil physical-chemical properties

中图分类号:

P931.3

张志栋, 常春平, 郭中领, 王仁德, 邢春燕. 河北坝上农田、退耕地和天然草地土壤的可风蚀性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(1): 85-91.

Zhang Zhidong, Chang Chunping, Guo Zhongling, Wang Rende, Xing Chunyan. Soil Wind Erodibility of Farmland, Abandonded Farmland and Glassland in the Bashang Area of Hebei, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2018, 38(1): 85-91.

参考文献

[1] 史培军,刘宝元,张科利,等.土壤侵蚀过程与模型研究[J].资源科学,1999,21(5):11-20.
[2] 刘玉璋,董光荣,李长治.影响土壤风蚀主要因素的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):44-52.
[3] 陈渭南,董光荣,董治宝.中国北方土壤风蚀问题研究的进展与趋势[J].地球科学进展,1994,9(5):6-12.
[4] 杨会民,王静爱,邹学勇,等.风水复合侵蚀研究进展与展望[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):962-971.
[5] 海春兴,周心澄,李晓佳.河北坝上不同土地利用方式下土壤表层水分变化对风蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):29-32.
[6] 哈斯,陈渭南.耕作方式对土壤风蚀的影响——以河北坝上地区为例[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(1):10-16.
[7] 黄选瑞,姚清亮,鲁少波,等.坝上地区实施退耕还林还草面临的问题与对策[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(4):53-55.
[8] 隆学文.河北坝上农牧交错带生态产业构建及发展对策[D].北京:首都师范大学,2004.
[9] 魏立涛.河北坝上退耕还林草区新农村建设面临的问题与对策[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(8):143-146.
[10] 杨钦,郭中领,王仁德,等.河北坝上不同土地利用方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):185-190.
[11] 黄晓强,赵云杰,信忠保,等.北京山区典型土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):5-10.
[12] 杜昕.长沙几种不同土地利用类型土壤理化性质特征[J].现代园艺,2015(2):5-6.
[13] 田涟祎,周忠发,闫利会.人为干预下喀斯特峡谷区不同土地利用类型对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(6):92-96.
[14] 田涟祎.石漠化地区土壤性质对不同土地利用方式的响应研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2016.
[15] 李进,宝音,张强,赵雪.河北坝上沙漠化土地综合整治优化模式[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(4):72-85.
[16] 刘全友.河北省坝上地区气候与沙化关系的研究[J].环境科学进展,1994,2(6):47-57.
[17] 孙建中,盛学斌,刘云霞.河北坝上地区人类活动与生态环境变化研究[J].环境科学进展,1999,7(4):103-112.
[18] 哈斯,坝上高原土壤不可蚀性颗粒与耕作方式对风蚀的影响[J].中国沙漠,1994,14(4):92-97.
[19] 王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.半湿润区农田土壤风蚀的风洞模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):640-646.
[20] 王云超,张立峰,侯大山,等.河北坝上农牧交错区不同下垫面土壤风蚀特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(8):565-568.
[21] 赵洋毅,周运超,段旭.黔中石灰岩喀斯特表层土壤结构性与土壤抗蚀抗冲性[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(2):18-21.
[22] 赵海璇,尚义县土地利用变化及结构调整[D].北京:首都师范大学,2011.
[23] 李鹏,李占斌,郑郁.不同海拔对干热河谷地区土壤理化性质及可蚀性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):103-107.
[24] 胡立峰,张立峰.风蚀地区的保护性耕作探讨——以河北坝上地区为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(4):219-221+224.
[25] Guo Z L,Chang C P,Wang R D,et al.Comparison of different methods to determine wind-erodible fraction of soil with rock fragments under different tillage/management[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2017,168:42-49.
[26] Hevia G G,Mendez M,Buschiazzo D E.Tillage affects soil aggregation parameters linked with wind erosion[J].Geoderma,2007,140(1):90-96.
[27] 张加琼,周学雷,张春来,等.张家口坝上地区农田土壤风蚀的~(137)Cs示踪研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,46(6):724-728.
[28] 温延臣,李燕青,袁亮,等.长期不同施肥制度土壤肥力特征综合评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):91-99.
[29] 张俊华,李国栋,南忠仁,等.黑河绿洲区耕作影响下的土壤粒径分布及其与有机碳的关系[J].地理研究,2012,31(4):608-618.
[30] 邹长新.敦煌铁路沿线土壤侵蚀敏感性及空间特征研究[C]//中国林业与环境促进会.全国水土保持与荒漠化防治及生态修复交流研讨会论文集.北京:中国林业与环境促进会,2009:6.
[31] Colazo J C,Buschiazzo D E.Soil dry aggregate stability and wind erodible fraction in a semiarid environment of Argentina[J].Geoderma,2010,159(1):228-236.
[32] 孙传龙,张卓栋,邱倩倩,等.锡林郭勒草地表层土壤粒度分形特征及其与风蚀的关系[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):978-985.
[33] 要洁.河北坝上草地土壤风蚀特征研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2012.
[34] 胡广录,王德金,廖亚鑫,等.荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块植被区起沙风对风蚀积沙量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):902-910.
[35] 王红营,郭中领,王仁德,等.河北坝上植被恢复措施对土壤性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):74-79.