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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 5-11.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00159

• • 上一篇    下一篇

巴丹吉林沙漠南缘的植物固沙问题

赵文智(), 白雪莲, 刘婵   

  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国生态系统研究网络临泽内流河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-20 修回日期:2021-12-23 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 作者简介:赵文智(1966—),男,陕西定边人,研究员,主要从事生态恢复和生态水文学研究。E-mail: zhaowzh@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性科技先导专项(XDA23060303);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC040)

Research on vegetation sand control around the south edge of Badain Jaran Sand Sea, China

Wenzhi Zhao(), Xuelian Bai, Chan Liu   

  1. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2021-11-20 Revised:2021-12-23 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-01-28

摘要:

在野外考察的基础上,选择13个典型样地,研究了巴丹吉林沙漠南缘植被组成、群落特征和植被格局。结果表明:调查的样地中有荒漠植物31种,其中灌木12种,多年生草本11种,一二年生草本8种。种群密度3 000—14 000株·hm-2,优势种在群落中地位显著,群落稳定性较差;植被斑块面积小、最大斑块指数低。沙漠南缘年降水量虽然仅100 mm左右,但有霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)、红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)和沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)等灌木和半灌木天然植物群落分布,有白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)和膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)灌丛沙堆,沙丘上生长着沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)等种群生存,且在沙漠延伸带流动沙丘上已成功建立了梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)人工固沙植被,表明在巴丹吉林沙漠南缘建立以乡土植物为主的固沙植被是可行的。在未来研究中,应在山水林田湖草沙生命共同体理念下加强从区域尺度上解析水、植被和沙的关系,系统了解生态系统的原真性、完整性和连通性及生态系统稳定性维持等问题,优化生态景观格局,确定生态保护目标和建设规模,同时要加强对乡土植物适应干旱风沙机制和扩繁保育技术研究,以便为区域生态建设和生态保护提供科技支撑。

关键词: 巴丹吉林沙漠, 植物组成, 植被格局, 植被土壤水分承载力, 植物固沙

Abstract:

In order to explore the composition, characteristics and patterns of the plant community, and to serve the sand-fixing and ecological construction better, we investigated natural and artificial vegetation in both individual and community scale around the south edge of Badain Jaran Sand Sea, a desert with high shifting sand dunes in northern China., The results shows that there were 31 species of desert plants, including 12 species of shrubs, 11 species of perennial herbs, and 8 species of annual or biennial herbs , based on the 13 investigated plots data. The population density was from 3 000 to 14 000 hm-2, and the vegetation patterns were characterized by small patch area and low largest patch index (LPI). The dominant species were prominent in the areas, indicating a relatively poor community stability. Because of the growth and distribution of natural vegetation communities and the construction of sand-fixing plantation successfully along the extension zones of the desert, it should be possible and feasible to establish and benefit sand-fixing vegetation by means of establishment of native plants plantation on the edge. In the future, under the concept of the Full-array ecosystems (mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-deserts), it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the relationships between water, vegetation and desert on a regional scale, as well as the questions in authenticity, integrity and connectivity of the ecosystem and the maintenance of ecosystem stability. Meanwhile, it is of great importance on optimizing the ecological landscape pattern and determining the ecological protection targets and construction scales. In order to provide scientific and technological support for regional ecological construction and protection, the research on the native plants about adaptation mechanism to arid climate and the reproduction and conservation technology should be processed scientifically.

Key words: Badain Jaran Sand Sea, vegetation composition, vegetation pattern, vegetation soil moisture bearing capacity, vegetation sand control

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