中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 128-141.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00074
• • 上一篇
付石林1,2,3(), 雷加强1,2,3, 周仪琪1,3, 周娜1,2,3(), Hare Malicha Loje4, Jorro Zinabu Bora4
收稿日期:
2022-05-07
修回日期:
2022-06-26
出版日期:
2023-01-20
发布日期:
2023-01-17
通讯作者:
周娜
作者简介:
周娜(E-mail: zndesert@ms.xjb.ac.cn)基金资助:
Shilin Fu1,2,3(), Jiaqiang Lei1,2,3, Yiqi Zhou1,3, Na Zhou1,2,3(), Malicha Loje Hare4, Zinabu Bora Jorro4
Received:
2022-05-07
Revised:
2022-06-26
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2023-01-17
Contact:
Na Zhou
摘要:
土地退化对减缓和适应气候变化有重要影响,并威胁到全世界的可持续发展,造成一系列社会、经济和生态问题,是目前全球面临的最大环境挑战之一。基于2001—2020年埃塞俄比亚的归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气象数据及土地覆盖数据,通过CASA模型计算获得植被净初级生产力(NPP)和水分利用效率(WUE),并使用Sen+MK趋势分析方法得到土地退化及其恢复趋势,同时采用多元逐步回归方法分析了土地退化及恢复的驱动因素。结果表明:2001—2020年,埃塞俄比亚土地退化整体呈现恢复趋势,恢复区域占全国面积的34.51%,主要分布在埃塞俄比亚西部以及索马里州;退化区域仅占全国面积的1.63%,主要分布在首都亚的斯亚贝巴。土地退化及恢复的主要驱动因素是人为与气候共同因素和人为单因素。土地退化的主要因素为人口的快速增长以及城市的扩张,土地恢复则与20年来实施的森林景观恢复以及可持续土地管理措施和政策有关。
中图分类号:
付石林, 雷加强, 周仪琪, 周娜, Hare Malicha Loje, Jorro Zinabu Bora. 基于植被净初级生产力和水分利用效率的埃塞俄比亚土地退化趋势及驱动因素分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(1): 128-141.
Shilin Fu, Jiaqiang Lei, Yiqi Zhou, Na Zhou, Malicha Loje Hare, Zinabu Bora Jorro. Analysis of land degradation trends and driving factors in Ethiopia based on NPP-WUE[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(1): 128-141.
数据 | 数据来源 | 空间分辨率/m | 时段 |
---|---|---|---|
土地覆盖 | ESA CCI | 300 | 2001—2020年 |
NDVI | MODIS(MOD13A1) | 500 | 2001—2020年 |
潜在蒸散发 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
太阳总辐射 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
蒸散 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
降水 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
地表温度 | MODIS(MOD11A1) | 1 000 | 2001—2020年 |
表1 数据源及基本参数
Table 1 Data sources and basic characteristics
数据 | 数据来源 | 空间分辨率/m | 时段 |
---|---|---|---|
土地覆盖 | ESA CCI | 300 | 2001—2020年 |
NDVI | MODIS(MOD13A1) | 500 | 2001—2020年 |
潜在蒸散发 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
太阳总辐射 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
蒸散 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
降水 | TerraClimate | 4 638.3 | 2001—2020年 |
地表温度 | MODIS(MOD11A1) | 1 000 | 2001—2020年 |
NPP趋势 | WUE趋势 | 退化和恢复阶段 |
---|---|---|
下降 | 上升 | 退化早期阶段 |
下降 | 不变 | 退化中期阶段 |
下降 | 下降 | 退化后期阶段 |
上升 | 上升 | 恢复早期阶段 |
上升 | 不变 | 恢复中期阶段 |
上升 | 下降 | 恢复后期阶段 |
表2 NPP-WUE 土地退化综合评估框架
Table 2 NPP-WUE comprehensive land degradation assessment framework
NPP趋势 | WUE趋势 | 退化和恢复阶段 |
---|---|---|
下降 | 上升 | 退化早期阶段 |
下降 | 不变 | 退化中期阶段 |
下降 | 下降 | 退化后期阶段 |
上升 | 上升 | 恢复早期阶段 |
上升 | 不变 | 恢复中期阶段 |
上升 | 下降 | 恢复后期阶段 |
地 区 | 退化占比/% | 恢复占比/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
退化早期 | 退化中期 | 退化后期 | 总和 | 恢复早期 | 恢复中期 | 恢复后期 | 总和 | |
埃塞俄比亚 | 0.005 | 0.992 | 0.634 | 1.632 | 14.242 | 20.123 | 0.146 | 34.510 |
亚的斯亚贝巴 | 0.000 | 30.392 | 16.355 | 46.747 | 1.159 | 0.045 | 0.000 | 1.203 |
阿法尔州 | 0.061 | 6.523 | 0.417 | 7.001 | 3.813 | 4.002 | 0.000 | 7.816 |
阿姆哈拉州 | 0.000 | 0.751 | 0.333 | 1.085 | 19.101 | 8.827 | 0.000 | 27.928 |
本尚古勒-古马兹州 | 0.000 | 0.499 | 0.922 | 1.421 | 55.126 | 4.744 | 0.000 | 59.869 |
德雷达瓦 | 0.000 | 0.233 | 0.512 | 0.745 | 0.978 | 4.682 | 0.000 | 5.660 |
甘贝拉州 | 0.000 | 0.342 | 0.287 | 0.629 | 84.741 | 0.372 | 0.000 | 85.113 |
哈勒尔州 | 0.000 | 0.330 | 0.132 | 0.463 | 12.426 | 7.865 | 0.000 | 20.291 |
奥罗米亚州 | 0.000 | 0.678 | 1.158 | 1.836 | 11.459 | 12.410 | 0.235 | 24.104 |
索马里州 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.021 | 0.140 | 2.944 | 47.316 | 0.283 | 50.544 |
南方各族州 | 0.000 | 0.333 | 1.349 | 1.682 | 22.617 | 8.506 | 0.000 | 31.123 |
提格里州 | 0.000 | 0.405 | 0.578 | 0.983 | 13.322 | 18.602 | 0.000 | 31.925 |
表3 埃塞俄比亚及各地区土地退化和恢复不同阶段面积百分比
Table 3 Percentage of land area at different stages of land degradation and restoration in Ethiopia and regions
地 区 | 退化占比/% | 恢复占比/% | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
退化早期 | 退化中期 | 退化后期 | 总和 | 恢复早期 | 恢复中期 | 恢复后期 | 总和 | |
埃塞俄比亚 | 0.005 | 0.992 | 0.634 | 1.632 | 14.242 | 20.123 | 0.146 | 34.510 |
亚的斯亚贝巴 | 0.000 | 30.392 | 16.355 | 46.747 | 1.159 | 0.045 | 0.000 | 1.203 |
阿法尔州 | 0.061 | 6.523 | 0.417 | 7.001 | 3.813 | 4.002 | 0.000 | 7.816 |
阿姆哈拉州 | 0.000 | 0.751 | 0.333 | 1.085 | 19.101 | 8.827 | 0.000 | 27.928 |
本尚古勒-古马兹州 | 0.000 | 0.499 | 0.922 | 1.421 | 55.126 | 4.744 | 0.000 | 59.869 |
德雷达瓦 | 0.000 | 0.233 | 0.512 | 0.745 | 0.978 | 4.682 | 0.000 | 5.660 |
甘贝拉州 | 0.000 | 0.342 | 0.287 | 0.629 | 84.741 | 0.372 | 0.000 | 85.113 |
哈勒尔州 | 0.000 | 0.330 | 0.132 | 0.463 | 12.426 | 7.865 | 0.000 | 20.291 |
奥罗米亚州 | 0.000 | 0.678 | 1.158 | 1.836 | 11.459 | 12.410 | 0.235 | 24.104 |
索马里州 | 0.000 | 0.119 | 0.021 | 0.140 | 2.944 | 47.316 | 0.283 | 50.544 |
南方各族州 | 0.000 | 0.333 | 1.349 | 1.682 | 22.617 | 8.506 | 0.000 | 31.123 |
提格里州 | 0.000 | 0.405 | 0.578 | 0.983 | 13.322 | 18.602 | 0.000 | 31.925 |
图12 2001—2020年埃塞俄比亚各州(省)土地退化和恢复及驱动因素统计
Fig. 12 Statistical of land degradation and restoration and driving factors by region in Ethiopia during 2001-2020
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