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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 146-156.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00024

• • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河甘肃段底栖动物群落结构及水质评价

王昱1,2(), 王旭1, 冯起2, 刘蔚2, 贺昱华1, 朱家乐1, 王昱鹏3   

  1. 1.兰州理工大学 能源与动力工程学院/甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730050
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.酒泉市肃州区洪临灌区临水水利管理所,甘肃 酒泉 735000
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-01 修回日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
  • 作者简介:王昱(1979—),男,甘肃永昌人,博士,教授,主要从事生态水文及水力学方面的研究。 E-mail: wangyu-mike@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52169015);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA227);甘肃省2022年水利科研与技术推广项目(22GSLK038)

Macrobenthos community structure and water quality evaluation in Gansu section of Yellow River Basin

Yu Wang1,2(), Xu Wang1, Qi Feng2, Wei Liu2, Yuhua He1, Jiale Zhu1, Yupeng Wang3   

  1. 1.School of Energy and Power Engineering / Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Solar Energy Complementary Energy Supply System of Gansu Province,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Inland River Basin Ecology and Hydrology,Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Linshui Water Conservancy Management Office of Honglin Irrigation District,Jiuquan 735000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2022-10-01 Revised:2023-03-14 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-08-14

摘要:

为探究人类活动对黄河上游水生态系统的影响程度,于2021年8月对黄河甘肃段10个采样点的底栖动物群落和水体理化性质进行了调查研究。本次采样共鉴定出底栖动物32种,其中节肢动物25种(78.13%),软体动物5种(15.63%),环节动物2种(6.25%);对整个研究区域而言,优势种为横纹划蝽(Sigara substriata)、短脚溪泥甲(Ampumixis sp.)、秀丽白虾(Palaemon modestus)、钩虾(Gammarus sp.)、耳萝卜螺(Radix Auricularia)和卵萝卜螺(Radix ovata)等6种;底栖动物现存量空间差异性显著,表现为下游段(271只·m-2、18.0105 g·m-2)>上游段(95只·m-2、4.1275 g·m-2);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数均表现为下游段大于上游段,而Pielou均匀度指数沿程变化较小。BI指数和综合污染指数水质评价结果较为一致,黄河甘肃段上游段水质整体优于下游段水质,且Y6样点水质最佳;黄河甘肃段水质总体达到II类和III类地表水标准,河流经水库和湿地净化后,水质有显著提升。水温和高锰酸钾盐是影响黄河甘肃段底栖动物群落结构的关键环境因子。库区和湿地水环境最优,上游自然河段水质优于下游自然河段,但下游段生物多样性及丰度高于上游段。

关键词: 黄河甘肃段, 底栖动物, 环境因子, 水质评价

Abstract:

To explore the impact of human activities on the aquatic ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the species composition, inhabit density, biomass, dominant species and the aquatic physiochemical parameters were investigated in August 2021 of the Gansu section of the Yellow River. A total of 32 macrozoobenthos species including 25 species of arthropods (78.13%), 5 species of mollusks (15.63%) and 2 species of annelids (6.25%) were identified. The dominant species were Sigara substriata, Ampumixis sp., Palaemon modestusGammarus sp., Radix Auricularia and Radix ovata in the whole study area. An obvious spatial heterogeneity in existing stock, with the values the density and biomass to be 271 ind.·m2 and 18.0105 g·m2 in the downstream section, and 95 ind.·m2 and 4.1275 g·m2 in the upstream section, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index were showed the downstream section greater than the upstream section, but the Pielou evenness index have little change along the way. The water quality was observed better in the upstream section sites than in the downstream section sites based on the evaluation results of integrated biological index and comprehensive pollution index, and the best water quality site is Y6. The water quality of Gansu section of the Yellow River generally reaches the limit of Class II surface water, the water quality of rivers is significantly improved after being purified by reservoirs and wetlands. According to the correlation matrix analysis between macrozoobenthos and environmental factors and RDA analysis, altitude and potassium permanganate are the key environmental factors affecting the benthos community structure in Gansu section of the Yellow River. Comprehensive macrozoobenthos community structure and water quality analysis, it shows that the water environment in the reservoir area and wetland is the best water. The water quality in the upstream natural reach is better than that in the downstream natural reach, but the biodiversity and abundance in the downstream reach are higher than that in the upstream reach.

Key words: Gansu section of the Yellow River, macrozoobenthos, environmental factors, water quality assessme

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