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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 223-231.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00116

• • 上一篇    

柴达木盆地风能环境特征

李继彦(), 徐德华, 张姚姚, 薛倩文, 周玲   

  1. 太原师范学院 地理科学学院,山西 晋中 030619
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-14 修回日期:2023-08-17 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 作者简介:李继彦(1984—),男,山东曹县人,博士,副教授,主要从事风沙地貌研究。E-mail: jyli@tynu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41601005)

Characteristics of wind regime and sand drift potential in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China

Jiyan Li(), Dehua Xu, Yaoyao Zhang, Qianwen Xue, Ling Zhou   

  1. School of Geography Science,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
  • Received:2023-07-14 Revised:2023-08-17 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-09-27

摘要:

通过对柴达木盆地不同风沙地貌区风速与风向的长期观测,探讨了盆地内的风能环境特征及其对风沙地貌发育的影响。结果表明:(1)盆地内各区域年平均风速、起沙风平均风速和起沙风频率的变化趋势较一致。在风蚀地貌中,长垄状雅丹区年平均风速、起沙风平均风速和起沙风频率均为最高;而沙丘地貌区中,察尔汗线形沙丘区最高。(2)长垄状雅丹区为单峰型起沙风,主要来自NNW和NW方向;而其他雅丹区起沙风均为双峰型,均存在一个主风向和一个次风向。祁曼塔格山前沙丘区起沙风以WNW和NW方向为主,线形沙丘区偏W方向起沙风占比较高。(3)除犬牙状/圆锥状雅丹区是锐双峰风况外,其余雅丹区均为单峰风况。长垄状雅丹区属高风能环境,方山状雅丹区为中等风能环境,其余雅丹区为低风能环境。线形沙丘区皆为宽单峰风况,而祁曼塔格山前沙丘区为钝双峰风况。除察尔汗线形沙丘区为中等风能环境外,其余沙丘区为低风能环境。(4)自盆地西北部向东南部,输沙势、合成输沙势逐渐降低,合成输沙方向由NNW向WNW方向转变,风向变率由低向中等转变。

关键词: 风况, 输沙势, 沙丘, 雅丹, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

Based on long-term observation of wind speed and direction in different aeolian landform regions, the present study investigated the wind regime and drift potential in the Qaidam Basin. The results indicated that: (1) The trend of the annual average wind velocity, the average sand-driving wind velocity and sand-driving wind frequency of different areas was relatively consistent. As to the yardang landforms, the annual average wind velocity, the average sand-driving wind velocity and sand-driving wind frequency were the highest in long-ridge yardang region near the northwestern edge of Chahansilatu playa, while the linear dune field on the northern margin of Qarhan Salt Lake was the highest among the aeolian depositional landforms. (2) The long-ridge yardangs regions belonged to uni-directional sand-driving winds, while the other yardang regions all belonged to bi-directional sand-driving winds. The sand-driving wind was mainly coming from WNW and NW directions for dunes developed on the piedmont of Qimantagh Mountain. Meanwhile, the sand-driving winds coming from W direction accounted for a higher percentage for linear dune fields. (3) Except for the saw-tooth yardang regions, which had an acute bimodal wind regime, the rest of the yardang areas were under unimodal wind regimes. The long-ridge yardang was developed in a high wind energy environment, and the mesa yardang was in an intermediate wind energy environment. While the rest of the yardang regions were in a low energy environment. The linear dune areas are all in wide unimodal regimes, while the dunefield in front of the Qimantag Mountains is in an obtuse bimodal regime. Except for the linear dunes on the northern of Qarhan Salt Lake, which was in an intermediate wind energy environment, the rest of the dune fields were in a low wind energy environment. (4) The drift potential and resultant drift potential gradually decreased from northwest to southeast across the basin, and the resultant drift direction changes from NNW to WNW due to the influence of topography. The wind direction variability shifts from the low to intermediate wind direction variability from the yardang areas in the northwest to the dry salt lake and dune fields in the south-central.

Key words: wind regime, sand drift potential, dune, yardang, Qaidam Basin

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