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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 199-209.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00125

• • 上一篇    

柴达木盆地典型风蚀区土壤质量评价

黄梦真(), 鲁瑞洁(), 赵瑾, 马罗   

  1. 北京师范大学 防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心/地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-03 修回日期:2022-09-29 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 鲁瑞洁
  • 作者简介:鲁瑞洁(E-mail: ruijielu@bnu.edu.cn
    黄梦真(1999—),女,山东菏泽人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤风蚀与土壤质量。E-mail: Huang_Mengzhen@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0306)

Assessment of soil quality in typical wind erosion area of Qaidam Basin

Mengzhen Huang(), Ruijie Lu(), Jin Zhao, Luo Ma   

  1. MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control / State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2022-08-03 Revised:2022-09-29 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-31
  • Contact: Ruijie Lu

摘要:

开展土壤质量评价是有效保护土壤的关键环节,对保障生态系统稳定和区域生态安全及可持续发展至关重要。柴达木盆地是青藏高原土壤风蚀最严重的地区,风蚀导致的土壤系统的变化深刻影响着青藏高原生态安全屏障和水源涵养功能。本研究基于对柴达木盆地典型风蚀区表层土壤的理化性质分析,利用主成分分析法建立最小数据集,构建土壤质量综合指数并进行土壤质量评价。结果表明:(1)柴达木盆地土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、容重、碳酸钙含量仅达到全国第二次土壤普查六级土壤肥力分级标准下的四级到六级水平指标评分空间分布上,有机质、全氮、有效磷、全磷、砂粒含量东高西低,速效钾、砾石含量则西高东低。(2)柴达木盆地土壤质量评价最小数据集(MDS)包括容重、有机质、全磷、速效钾、砂粒含量5个指标,基于最小数据集构建的土壤质量综合指数(MDS-SQI)具有较好的代表性和适用性。(3)盆地整体土壤质量较差,且呈现出东部土壤质量优于西部的分布规律。将研究区的土壤质量由高到低划分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ级,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级土壤样点主要分布在东部地区,且所占面积较小,中部和西部地区主要分布Ⅲ~Ⅴ级样点。(4)MDS-SQI和风蚀强度显著负相关,柴达木盆地土壤风蚀的防治是遏制土壤质量继续恶化的重要措施。

关键词: 土壤质量评价, 最小数据集, 主成分分析法, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

Soil quality assessment is the key to effectively protect soil, and it is crucial to ensure ecosystem stability, regional ecological security and sustainable development. The Qaidam Basin is the most serious wind erosion area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The change of soil system caused by wind erosion has a profound impact on the ecological security barrier and water conservation function of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties of surface soil in typical wind erosion areas of Qaidam Basin, this paper uses principal component analysis to establish the minimum data set, and constructs the comprehensive index of soil quality for soil quality evaluation. The results show that the soil bulk density, calcium carbonate, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in Qaidam Basin only reach the fourth or fifth grade under the quality classification standard of the second national soil census. The quality of soil physical and chemical indicators is poor. In terms of spatial distribution, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total phosphorus and sand in the eastern region of Qaidam Basin are higher than those in the western region, while the contents of available potassium and gravel in the western region are higher than those in the eastern region. The minimum data set ( MDS ) of soil quality evaluation in Qaidam Basin includes five indicators : bulk density, organic matter, total phosphorus, available potassium and sand content. The soil quality comprehensive index ( MDS-SQI ) based on the MDS has good representativeness and applicability. The overall soil quality in Qaidam Basin is poor, and gradually deteriorates from the eastern region to the western region. The soil quality in the study area is divided into grade I-V from good to poor. Grade I-II sampling points are mainly distributed in the eastern region, and the area is small. Grade III-V sampling points are mainly distributed in the central and western regions. The wind erosion intensity in Qaidam Basin is significantly negatively correlated with MDS-SQI, and the prevention and control of soil wind erosion in Qaidam Basin is an important measure to curb the continuous deterioration of soil quality.

Key words: soil quality assessment, minimum data set, principal component analysis, Qaidam Basin

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