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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 235-243.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00134

• • 上一篇    

植被盖度和配置方式对土壤风蚀影响的风洞试验

孔玲玲(), 董治宝(), 白子怡, 肖锋军, 马慧榕, 许瑞聪   

  1. 陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-30 修回日期:2023-10-11 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 董治宝
  • 作者简介:董治宝(E-mail: zbdong@snnu.edu.cn
    孔玲玲(1999—),女,安徽合肥人,硕士研究生,研究方向为风沙地貌。E-mail: kll52866@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171004);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930641)

Effects of vegetation cover and configuration on soil wind erosion based on wind tunnel experiments

Lingling Kong(), Zhibao Dong(), Ziyi Bai, Fengjun Xiao, Huirong Ma, Ruicong Xu   

  1. School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
  • Received:2023-07-30 Revised:2023-10-11 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-26
  • Contact: Zhibao Dong

摘要:

土壤风蚀是中国北方严重的环境问题,植被能够有效控制土壤风蚀。为给土壤风蚀防治方案设计提供依据,在毛乌素沙地南缘以中科1号羊草(Leymus chinensis)为对象,通过野外风洞试验,研究植被盖度(10%、20%、30%和40%)和配置方式(一行一带式、两行一带式、交叉分布式)对风沙流结构和输沙率的影响。结果表明:(1)各层输沙强度随风速增加而递增,随盖度增加而递减;输沙率与盖度符合指数函数关系。风沙流结构出现“象鼻效应”,风速和盖度的增加均使输沙强度峰值的高度层上移。(2)3种配置方式下输沙强度沿垂直高度的变化均呈指数函数分布,两行一带和交叉分布的阻沙效果大于一行一带。(3)从固沙效能最佳和经济效益角度考虑,中科1号羊草应种植盖度约为30%,风速较大的区域使用交叉分布的配置方式。

关键词: 植被盖度, 植被配置方式, 风沙流结构, 羊草(Leymus chinensis), 可移动风洞

Abstract:

Soil wind erosion is a serious environmental problem in northern China, and vegetation can effectively control soil wind erosion. In order to provide a basis for the design of soil wind erosion control program, this experiment was carried out in the southern margin of Mu Us Sandy Land with Leymus chinensis “Zhongke No.1” as the object. The effects of vegetation coverage (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and configuration mode (one-row-and-one-belt, two-row-and-one-belt, and cross-distributed) on the structure of wind-drift sand and the amount of wind erosion were studied. The results showed that: (1) The sediment transport intensity of each layer increases with the increase of wind speed and decreases with increasing coverage. The rate of sand transport conforms to an exponential function with coverage. The “elephant's trunk effect” appears in the structure of wind-blown sand flow. The increase of wind speed and coverage makes the height level of the peak intensity of sand transport move upward. (2) The variation of sediment transport intensity along vertical height is an exponential function distribution, and the sediment inhibition effect of two-row-and-one-line and cross-distribution is greater than that of one-row-and-one-belt. (3) From the perspective of optimal sand fixation efficiency and economic benefits, Leymus chinensis “Zhongke No.1” should be planted with a coverage of about 30%, and areas with higher wind speeds use a cross-distribution configuration.

Key words: vegetation coverage, vegetation configuration mode, wind-sand flow structure, Leymus chinensis, mobile wind tunnel

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