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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 80-92.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00043

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腾格里沙漠典型固沙灌木生存的生态水文学机理综述

黄磊1(), 赵莹1, 陈晶亮2, 王博2   

  1. 1.宁夏大学 林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 作者简介:黄磊(1983—),男,河南南阳人,博士,研究员,主要从事干旱区生态水文方面的研究。 E-mail: mathecology@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41671076);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC02027);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02039)

A review on ecohydrological mechanisms of sand-fixing shrubs survival in the Tengger Desert

Lei Huang1(), Ying Zhao1, Jingliang Chen2, Bo Wang2   

  1. 1.School of Forestry and Grassland,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-04-27 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30

摘要:

植物水分利用对策及其干旱胁迫下生存适应机制是干旱区生态水文学研究的核心内容。腾格里沙漠人工植被区作为中国植物固沙的典范,其固沙灌木通过独特的生态水文适应机制在极端干旱环境中维持生态系统稳定。本文综合分析了根系水力再分配、树干径流、叶片吸水关键水分获取与利用过程,量化典型固沙植物柠条(Caragana korshinskii)和油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)的水量平衡各分量的分配比例,揭示固沙灌木多途径水分利用策略及其稳定性维持机制。提出降水阈值概念模型,当单次降水量在0~1 mm时,植物适应干旱的主要对策为叶片吸水;而当降水量为1~5 mm时,树干径流起主要作用;当降水量大于5 mm时,根土界面的水力再分配是植物适应干旱的主要对策。研究结果有助于加深对荒漠生态系统不同功能型物种利用水资源方式和策略的理解,为干旱沙区植被恢复与重建后的植被稳定性及其变化趋势评价提供理论依据。

关键词: 荒漠人工植被区, 柠条, 油蒿, 水力再分配, 叶片吸水

Abstract:

Plant water-use strategies and adaptation mechanisms under drought stress have long been central topics in arid zone ecohydrology. As a successful model of sand stabilization in China, the artificial vegetation area in the Tengger Desert demonstrates how sand-fixing shrubs maintain ecosystem stability in extreme arid environments through unique ecohydrological adaptations. This paper synthesizes key water acquisition and utilization processes, including root hydraulic redistribution, stemflow and foliar water uptake. It quantifies the allocation proportions of water balance components in typical sand-fixing species Caragana korshinskii and Artemisiaordosica, revealing the multi-path water-use strategies and stability-maintenance mechanisms of these shrubs. Furthermore, a conceptual model of precipitation thresholds is proposed that foliar water uptake dominates as the primary drought adaptation strategy within 0-1 mm rainfall events. Stemflow plays a major role in water utilization within 1-5 mm rainfall events, root-soil interface hydraulic redistribution becomes the key strategy when the rainfall greater than 5 mm. This study enhances our understanding of water use by different functional species in desert ecosystems and provides a theoretical basis for evaluating vegetation stability and trends in arid sandy regions.

Key words: revegetated desert areas, Caragana korshinskii, Artemisia ordosica, hydraulic redistribution, foliar water uptake

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