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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 184-195.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00208

• • 上一篇    

鄂尔多斯高原油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)灌丛沙堆风沙气流结构及其地貌学意义

殷婕1(), 哈斯额尔敦null1(), 安晶2, 周炎广1, 胡日娜1, 武子丰1   

  1. 1.北京师范大学 地理科学学部 自然资源学院,北京 100875
    2.首都师范大学附属密云中学,北京 101500
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-26 修回日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 哈斯额尔敦null
  • 作者简介:哈斯额尔敦(E-mail: hasi@bnu.edu.cn
    殷婕(1997—),女,宁夏盐池人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区地貌研究。 E-mail: 201921051134@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41671002);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2019-HZ-814-1)

Geomorphologic significance of airflow and sand transport around an Artemisia ordosica nebkha in the Ordos Plateau, China

Jie Yin1(), Hasi Eerdun1(), Jing An2, Yanguang Zhou1, Rina Hu1, Zifeng Wu1   

  1. 1.School of Natural Resources,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    2.Miyun Affiliated Middle School of Capital Normal University,Beijing 101500,China
  • Received:2021-10-26 Revised:2021-12-13 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-01-28
  • Contact: Hasi Eerdun

摘要:

鄂尔多斯高原广泛分布的油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)灌丛与风沙流相互作用形成灌丛沙堆,其形态发育主要受控于周围风沙输移状况。利用EC9-1型风向风速传感器和阶梯式集沙仪对平坦覆沙地上油蒿灌丛沙堆周围的风沙气流进行了观测,系统地分析了近地表水平流场、风速廓线和输沙率的分布和变化特征。结果表明:气流结构和输沙率随沙堆位置而变化。自灌丛沙堆迎风侧经两侧至背风侧,气流呈现分离降速、两侧增速、汇集减速的水平分布特征;风速在背风侧坡脚处最小,并随水平距离呈指数关系逐步回增,至4.85H(H是灌丛沙堆总高度)处恢复至旷野风速;灌丛沙堆周围风速廓线均不服从对数变化规律,且在背风侧坡脚0.3—1.0 m内风速随高度增加而减小,出现反向垂直轴涡流;相对于沙堆走向南北侧的起沙风频率差异使两侧输沙率变化不同,进而导致蚀积状态差异,沙堆平面形态由椭圆形向不对称纺锤形逐渐演化;沙堆背风侧均未出现沙尾,即在薄层覆沙剥蚀高原上不充足的沙源和入射风方向变化抑制了沙尾或风影沙丘的发育。

关键词: 油蒿灌丛沙堆, 水平流场, 风速廓线, 输沙率

Abstract:

Artemisia ordosica shrubs are distributed widely in the Ordos Plateau of China and they interact with air flow to form nebkhas, whose morphological development is mainly controlled by the condition of surrounding aeolian sediment transport. In this study, EC9-1 wind direction and speed sensor and stepped sand traps were used to observe the airflow and sediment transport around the Artemisia ordosica nebkha on flat sandy land, and then the distribution and variation of the horizontal airflow field at 0.3 m, wind speed profile and sand transport rate were systematically analyzed. The results show that the air flow structure and sediment transport rate change with different positions of the nebkha. To be specific, from the windward side through both sides to the leeward, the airflow separates with deceleration, grows on both sides and converges with reduction; The wind speed decreases to the minimum at the foot of the leeward side, increases exponentially with the horizontal distance, and returns to the reference at 4.85H(H stands for total height of the nebkha); Around the nebkha, the wind speed profiles do not follow logarithmic distribution, and the speed decreases with the increase of height within 0.3-1.0 m at the toe of the leeward side, which indicates the presence of reverse vertical axis vortex; The difference in frequency of sand driving wind makes the change of section sediment transport rate on both sides, which leads to different erosion and deposition pattern and makes the shape of the nebkha evolve from oval to asymmetric spindle; There is no sand tail on the leeward side of the studied nebkhas, that is, the inadequate sand source and the incident wind direction change inhibit the development of shadow dunes in a multi-direction wind environment on the denuded plateau with thin sand layer.

Key words: Artemisia ordosica nebkhas, horizontal airflow distribution, wind speed profile, sediment transport rate

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