中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 184-195.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00208
• • 上一篇
殷婕1(), 哈斯额尔敦null1(
), 安晶2, 周炎广1, 胡日娜1, 武子丰1
收稿日期:
2021-10-26
修回日期:
2021-12-13
出版日期:
2022-01-20
发布日期:
2022-01-28
通讯作者:
哈斯额尔敦null
作者简介:
哈斯额尔敦(E-mail: hasi@bnu.edu.cn)基金资助:
Jie Yin1(), Hasi Eerdun1(
), Jing An2, Yanguang Zhou1, Rina Hu1, Zifeng Wu1
Received:
2021-10-26
Revised:
2021-12-13
Online:
2022-01-20
Published:
2022-01-28
Contact:
Hasi Eerdun
摘要:
鄂尔多斯高原广泛分布的油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)灌丛与风沙流相互作用形成灌丛沙堆,其形态发育主要受控于周围风沙输移状况。利用EC9-1型风向风速传感器和阶梯式集沙仪对平坦覆沙地上油蒿灌丛沙堆周围的风沙气流进行了观测,系统地分析了近地表水平流场、风速廓线和输沙率的分布和变化特征。结果表明:气流结构和输沙率随沙堆位置而变化。自灌丛沙堆迎风侧经两侧至背风侧,气流呈现分离降速、两侧增速、汇集减速的水平分布特征;风速在背风侧坡脚处最小,并随水平距离呈指数关系逐步回增,至4.85H(H是灌丛沙堆总高度)处恢复至旷野风速;灌丛沙堆周围风速廓线均不服从对数变化规律,且在背风侧坡脚0.3—1.0 m内风速随高度增加而减小,出现反向垂直轴涡流;相对于沙堆走向南北侧的起沙风频率差异使两侧输沙率变化不同,进而导致蚀积状态差异,沙堆平面形态由椭圆形向不对称纺锤形逐渐演化;沙堆背风侧均未出现沙尾,即在薄层覆沙剥蚀高原上不充足的沙源和入射风方向变化抑制了沙尾或风影沙丘的发育。
中图分类号:
殷婕, 哈斯额尔敦null, 安晶, 周炎广, 胡日娜, 武子丰. 鄂尔多斯高原油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)灌丛沙堆风沙气流结构及其地貌学意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2022, 42(1): 184-195.
Jie Yin, Hasi Eerdun, Jing An, Yanguang Zhou, Rina Hu, Zifeng Wu. Geomorphologic significance of airflow and sand transport around an Artemisia ordosica nebkha in the Ordos Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(1): 184-195.
灌丛沙堆 序号 | 长度 /m | 宽度 /m | 总高度 /m | 灌丛植株 高度/m |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.70 | 2.73 | 1.10 | 0.55 |
2 | 5.88 | 2.64 | 1.20 | 0.51 |
3 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.50 |
4 | 3.20 | 3.13 | 1.20 | 0.50 |
5 | 3.46 | 2.88 | 1.20 | 0.70 |
6 | 4.00 | 3.30 | 1.35 | 0.65 |
7 | 2.10 | 1.50 | 0.80 | 0.35 |
8 | 2.80 | 2.50 | 1.05 | 0.60 |
表1 灌丛沙堆形态参数
Table 1 Morphological parameters of each nebkha
灌丛沙堆 序号 | 长度 /m | 宽度 /m | 总高度 /m | 灌丛植株 高度/m |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3.70 | 2.73 | 1.10 | 0.55 |
2 | 5.88 | 2.64 | 1.20 | 0.51 |
3 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.80 | 0.50 |
4 | 3.20 | 3.13 | 1.20 | 0.50 |
5 | 3.46 | 2.88 | 1.20 | 0.70 |
6 | 4.00 | 3.30 | 1.35 | 0.65 |
7 | 2.10 | 1.50 | 0.80 | 0.35 |
8 | 2.80 | 2.50 | 1.05 | 0.60 |
入射风 | 指标 | 参考点 | 南侧观测点 | 北侧观测点 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L3 | L4 | L6 | L13 | L12 | L11 | ||||
同侧风 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||
平均风速变幅/% | — | 5.9 | -33.7 | -66.3 | -19.0 | 2.3 | 4.1 | |||
异侧风 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 4.1 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.6 | ||
平均风速变幅/% | — | 11.3 | -49.6 | -61.9 | -4.2 | 16.7 | -12.1 |
表2 灌丛沙堆两侧观测点平均风速变化幅度
Table 2 Variation range of average wind speed at observation points on both sides of the nebkha
入射风 | 指标 | 参考点 | 南侧观测点 | 北侧观测点 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L3 | L4 | L6 | L13 | L12 | L11 | ||||
同侧风 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | ||
平均风速变幅/% | — | 5.9 | -33.7 | -66.3 | -19.0 | 2.3 | 4.1 | |||
异侧风 | 平均风速/(m·s-1) | 4.1 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.6 | ||
平均风速变幅/% | — | 11.3 | -49.6 | -61.9 | -4.2 | 16.7 | -12.1 |
图7 背风侧各测点(L7—L10)及同时段参考点(L7-1—L10-1)的风向变化
Fig.7 Change of wind direction on the lee of each observation point (L7—L10) and reference point (L7-1—L10-1) in the same time
风向 | a | b | R2 | P | D/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
292° | 0.0979 | 0.6698 | 0.9951 | 0.0009 | 5.6540 |
303° | 0.0938 | 0.6531 | 0.9933 | 0.0013 | 5.8641 |
315° | 0.0629 | 0.7118 | 0.9880 | 0.0023 | 5.9419 |
326° | 0.0126 | 0.9787 | 0.9698 | 0.0058 | 5.9644 |
337° | 0.0004 | 1.5710 | 0.9438 | 0.0108 | 5.9117 |
348° | 0.0005 | 1.6218 | 0.9181 | 0.0157 | 5.5889 |
表3 背风侧各测点0.3 m高度平均风速与距离之间的关系(y=a·ebx)
Table 3 The relationship(y=a·ebx) between the average wind speed at 0.3 m and distance on the leeward side of the nebkha
风向 | a | b | R2 | P | D/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
292° | 0.0979 | 0.6698 | 0.9951 | 0.0009 | 5.6540 |
303° | 0.0938 | 0.6531 | 0.9933 | 0.0013 | 5.8641 |
315° | 0.0629 | 0.7118 | 0.9880 | 0.0023 | 5.9419 |
326° | 0.0126 | 0.9787 | 0.9698 | 0.0058 | 5.9644 |
337° | 0.0004 | 1.5710 | 0.9438 | 0.0108 | 5.9117 |
348° | 0.0005 | 1.6218 | 0.9181 | 0.0157 | 5.5889 |
图10 各测点输沙率变化(A—C)及对应观测期间起沙风风向频率(D)
Fig.10 Variation of sediment transport rate at observation points (A-C) and the frequency diagram of sand driving wind direction (D)
观测点位 | a | b | R2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 3.4838 | 0.2607 | 0.9990 | 0.0000 |
L2 | 0.6261 | 0.2336 | 0.9709 | 0.0000 |
L4 | 1.0607 | 0.2141 | 0.9865 | 0.0000 |
L5 | 1.0153 | 0.2277 | 0.9961 | 0.0000 |
L6 | 2.4160 | 0.2306 | 0.9975 | 0.0000 |
L11 | 0.3736 | 0.1962 | 0.9726 | 0.0000 |
L12 | 0.2711 | 0.1678 | 0.9725 | 0.0000 |
L14 | 0.0784 | 0.1329 | 0.9760 | 0.0000 |
表4 各测点输沙率随高度变化关系的拟合系数
Table 4 The fitting coefficient of the relationship between sediment transport rate and height at each observation point
观测点位 | a | b | R2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | 3.4838 | 0.2607 | 0.9990 | 0.0000 |
L2 | 0.6261 | 0.2336 | 0.9709 | 0.0000 |
L4 | 1.0607 | 0.2141 | 0.9865 | 0.0000 |
L5 | 1.0153 | 0.2277 | 0.9961 | 0.0000 |
L6 | 2.4160 | 0.2306 | 0.9975 | 0.0000 |
L11 | 0.3736 | 0.1962 | 0.9726 | 0.0000 |
L12 | 0.2711 | 0.1678 | 0.9725 | 0.0000 |
L14 | 0.0784 | 0.1329 | 0.9760 | 0.0000 |
图12 背风侧坡脚相对风速(背风侧坡脚风速U与上风向参考点L1的0.3 m高度风速Uref的比值)与灌丛沙堆形态参数之间的关系
Fig.12 The relationship between relative wind speed at the toe of leeward slope and morphological parameters of nebkhas
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