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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 31-38.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00091

• • 上一篇    下一篇

生物土壤结皮在防沙治沙中的应用综述

赵洋1(), 连煜超1,2, 赵燕翘1, 许文文1,2, 赵逸雪1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 修回日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 作者简介:赵洋(1984—),男,辽宁沈阳人,博士,研究员,主要从事干旱区恢复生态学研究。E-mail: zhaoyang66@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32471708);中国科学院“西部之光”重点项目

Review on the application of biological soil crusts in the prevention and control of aeolian desertification

Yang Zhao1(), Yuchao Lian1,2, Yanqiao Zhao1, Wenwen Xu1,2, Yixue Zhao1,2   

  1. 1.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-02-27 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30

摘要:

人工生物土壤结皮(Biological soil crust, BSC)快速治沙技术和生态修复技术发展迅速,已成为沙化土地治理的新模式和沙区恢复生态学研究的前沿和热点。人工培育的BSC在加速生态修复进程中发挥着关键作用,可缩短BSC的形成时间并加速其发展进程。通常情况下,能够将自然条件下BSC形成所需的10~20年时间缩短至1年左右,显著缩短了沙面稳定时间,加速了沙区生态系统功能的恢复。中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站/宁夏沙坡头沙漠生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(简称沙坡头站,始建于1955年),作为中国沙区生态研究的重要基地,是较早系统从事人工BSC快速治沙技术理论和应用研究的单位。值此建站70周年之际,本文对过去20年来沙坡头站研究团队在这一领域所取得的重要进展进行了系统地梳理与剖析,并对人工BSC治沙技术在沙化土地治理研究中的发展趋势进行了前瞻性展望。通过该综述,以期为全面、准确认识和评估人工BSC快速治沙技术对沙化土地治理的作用及其对生态系统功能的影响提供科学依据,也为后续相关技术的优化改进以及大规模推广应用提供理论指导,推动沙区生态环境的持续改善和可持续发展。

关键词: 沙化土地治理, 人工生物土壤结皮, 荒漠蓝藻, 沙区

Abstract:

The rapid development of artificial biological soil crust (BSC) technology for desertification control and ecological restoration has emerged as a new model for managing desertified land and a frontier research focus in arid ecosystem restoration. Artificially cultivated BSC plays a crucial role in accelerating ecological restoration by significantly reducing the time required for BSC formation and development. Under natural conditions, BSC formation typically takes 10 to 20 years, whereas artificial BSC can be established within approximately one year, greatly shortening the stabilization period of sand surfaces and expediting the recovery of ecosystem functions in arid regions. The Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station/Ningxia Shapotou National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Desert Ecosystems (hereinafter referred to as the Shapotou Station), established in 1955 and affiliated with the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of China's key research bases for arid zone ecology. It is also among the earliest institutions to systematically study the theory and application of artificial BSC technology for rapid desertification control. On the occasion of its 70th anniversary, this paper systematically reviews and analyzes the major progress made by the Shapotou Station research team in this field over the past 20 years. Furthermore, it provides a forward-looking perspective on the future development of artificial BSC technology in desertification control research. The study aim to offer a comprehensive and precise understanding of the role of artificial BSC technology in desertification control and its impact on ecosystem functions. Additionally, they provide a scientific basis for the optimization, refinement, and large-scale application of related technologies, ultimately contributing to the continuous improvement of arid-zone ecological environments and sustainable development.

Key words: desertified land management, artificial biological soil crusts, desert cyanobacteria, sandy areas

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