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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 301-307.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00161

• • 上一篇    

祁连山青海云杉( Picea crassifolia )林水源涵养功能空间特征

车宗玺(), 高承兵, 车宗桓, 王零, 朱彤, 邸华, 李军辉   

  1. 甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区管护中心,甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-27
  • 作者简介:车宗玺(1980—),男,甘肃会宁人,研究员,主要从事森林生态、水文研究工作。E-mail: chezongxi@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(22JR5RA769);甘肃省级财政林草补助项目“祁连山典型草原生态脆弱区生态退化现状评估技术研究”

Characteristics of water conservation function of Picea crassifolia forest in the Qilian Mountains

Zongxi Che(), Chengbing Gao, Zonghuan Che, Ling Wang, Tong Zhu, Hua Di, Junhui Li   

  1. Gansu Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve Authority,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2025-02-10 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-27

摘要:

研究祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林水源涵养功能的空间变化特征,确定不同生态系统水文分配效应,对揭示生态系统水源涵养功能有重要的科学意义。本文对祁连山排露沟流域生态水文空间监测数据进行了统计,利用回归、拟合和显著性检验等方法分析表明:(1)降水在2 600~3 300 m随海拔升高而增大,3 300 m达到峰值,3 300 m以上随海拔的升高而降低,整个空间遵循多项式变化关系,海拔2 600~3 200 m的百米递增率为6.91%,3 200~3 800 m的百米递减率为6.53%;(2)青海云杉林平均林冠降水截留率34.41%~48.35%,郁闭度为0.77、0.61、0.85、0.86的林冠降水截留率分别为43.74%、34.41%、46.48%、48.35%,海拔2 600~2 950 m的截留率随林空降水量的增大而增大;(3)灌木林平均降水截留率为55.21%,平均截留量为5.19 mm,平均穿透雨量为5.15 mm;(4)苔藓平均降水截留率为68.66%,降水量达到9.48 mm,大部分区域苔藓截留率为50%左右;(5)降水量与截留量显著线性正相关(R2 =0.991,P<0.01),与截留率呈较显著的递增对数函数关系(R2 =0.7844,P<0.05)。苔藓截留>灌木层截留>青海云杉林冠层截留,体现了苔藓超强的水源涵养功能。

关键词: 水源涵养功能, 空间变化, 青海云杉林(Picea crassifolia), 祁连山

Abstract:

It is significant for revealing the water conservation functions of different ecosystems to study the spatial variation characteristics of the water conservation function in Picea crassifolia forests in the Qilian Mountains and to determine the hydrological allocation effects of different ecosystems. This research statistically analyzed ecohydrological spatial monitoring data from the Pailugou watershed in the Qilian Mountains, using regression, fitting, and significance testing methods. The results showed that: (1)Precipitation increases with elevation between 2 600-3 300 m, peaking at 3 300 m before decreasing above this altitude, which presented as a polynomial correlation in the entire space. The increase rate at every 100 meters is 6.91% from 2 600-3 200 m, while the decrease rate at every 100 meters is 6.53% from 3 200-3 800 m. (2) For P. crassifolia forest, the average interception ratio was between 34.41% and 48.35%. The interception ratios were 43.74%, 34.41%, 46.48%, and 48.35% when the canopy density were 0.77, 0.61, 0.85, and 0.86, respectively. At the elevation of 2 600-2 950 m, the interception ratio was increased with the increasing of throughfall, presented as a linear increase trend. (3) For shrub, the average interception rate is 55.21%, the average interception amount is 5.19 mm, and the average throughfall amount is 5.15 mm. (4) For moss, the average interception ratio was 68.66%, the precipitation reached 9.48 mm; the interception rate in most areas is around 50%. (5)There was a significant linear positive correlation between precipitation and interception amount (R2=0.991, P<0.01), while a significant increasing logarithmic relationship with interception rate (R2=0.7844, P<0.05). The research has found that the order of interception is moss> shrub>Picea crassifolia, highlighting the exceptionally strong water conservation functions of moss.

Key words: water conservation function, spatial change, Picea crassifolia, Qilian Mountains

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