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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 165-175.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00049

• • 上一篇    

祁连山自然保护区煤矿修复区地表节肢动物分布特征及其影响因素

罗维成1(), 赵文智1(), 刘继亮1, 杨竟艺1,2, 白雪莲1,3, 魏乐民1,3, 冯怡琳4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.甘肃农业大学,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    4.宁夏大学,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-11 修回日期:2022-03-23 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2023-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵文智
  • 作者简介:赵文智(E-mail: zhaowzh@lzb.ac.cn
    罗维成(1987—),男,甘肃靖远人,博士,副研究员,主要从事荒漠植物生态学研究。E-mail: luoweicheng@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0507402)

Distribution pattern and influencing factors of ground arthropods in coalmines restoration area of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve, China

Weicheng Luo1(), Wenzhi Zhao1(), Jiliang Liu1, Jingyi Yang1,2, Xuelian Bai1,3, Lemin Wei1,3, Yilin Feng4   

  1. 1.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.University of Chinese Aeademy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    4.Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2021-11-11 Revised:2022-03-23 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2023-01-09
  • Contact: Wenzhi Zhao

摘要:

恢复人工植被是祁连山自然保护区矿区废弃地修复的主要手段,经过近5年的修复,矿区废弃地修复区地上植被盖度明显提高,但关于作为评价土壤修复效果重要指标的土壤动物群落变化的认识还很有限。以祁连山自然保护区典型煤矿废弃地为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法对比研究了煤矿修复区和毗邻区(原始地貌)大型土壤动物分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)修复区植物丰富度、生物量、盖度及土壤粗砂、有机质、全氮含量均显著低于毗邻区(P<0.05),而土壤水分、细砂、黏粉粒、全钾和全磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)修复区土壤动物活动密度和多样性均显著高于毗邻区,修复区和毗邻区土壤动物均以蝗科(12.7%和55.7%)和蚁科(14.4%和49.6%)为主;进房沟、水磨沟和柳树沟煤矿修复区及毗邻区土壤动物群落相似性分别为39.9%、52.9%和43.4%。(3)土壤有机质含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区捕食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子,而草本物种数和土壤粗砂含量是影响植食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子。总之,人工修复后煤矿废弃地修复区土壤动物个体数均高于对照区,部分矿区修复生境类群丰富度及多样性已经超过了毗邻区,这表明蚂蚁、步甲和蝗虫等地表节肢动物对煤矿矿区覆土恢复植被和封禁等措施驱动的植被和土壤环境变化响应敏感。因此,还需要优化植被及土壤修复模式,提高土壤动物多样性及多功能性,使矿区废弃地生态环境能够得到快速修复。

关键词: 祁连山自然保护区, 矿区修复, 地表节肢动物, 群落结构, 影响要素

Abstract:

Artificial vegetation restoration is the main method for the restoration of abandoned mining areas in Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve. After nearly 5 years of restoration, although the coverage of vegetation in the abandoned mining areas was significantly improved, but the changes of soil fauna community as an important indicator for evaluating the effect of soil restoration were still unclear. We studied the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ground arthropods using pitfall trapping in a typical abandoned coal mine area of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve by field investigation. The results show that: (1) plant richness, biomass and coverage, soil coarse sand content, organic matter and total nitrogen content in the restoration area were significantly lower than those in the adjacent area (P<0.05); but soil fine sand content, clay silt content, soil water content, total K and total P had no significant difference (P>0.05). (2) the activity density and diversity index of ground arthropods in the restoration area were significantly higher than those in the adjacent area, and the ground arthropods in the restoration and adjacent areas were mainly from Acrididae and Formicidae, accounting for 12.7% and 55.7%, 14.4% and 49.6%, respectively. The similarity of ground arthropods was 39.9%, 52.9% and 43.4%, respectively. (3) the consequences of pRDA show that soil organic matter content were key environmental factors affecting the assemblage of predatory arthropods, while herbaceous plant richness and the coarse sand content were key environmental factors affecting the assemblage of herbivorous arthropods. In general, the abundance and diversity of ground arthropod community in the restored abandoned coal mine areas have exceeded that in the adjacent areas, which indicates that ground arthropods such as ants, beetles and locusts have a sensitive to response to vegetation and soil environment changes driven by measures such as restoration of soil and vegetation covering and enclosure in coal mining areas of the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the vegetation and soil restoration mode, increasing soil fauna diversity and multifunction, so that the ecological environment of the abandoned mining areas can be quickly restored.

Key words: Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve, mining area restoration, ground arthropods, community structure, influencing factors

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