关键词: 高寒脆弱区, 光伏电站, 调控机制, 生态过程, 服务功能

Abstract:

The acceleration of global energy transition and low-carbon development has driven the expansion of photovoltaic （PV） power plants into the ecologically fragile alpine regions of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. Characterized by simple ecosystem structures and weak resilience， this region faces potential threats to its ecosystem services from PV installations， which alter land cover， microclimate， hydrothermal distribution， and soil properties. However， existing research remains largely limited to short-term， single-site observations， lacking a systematic understanding of long-term ecological trajectories and cross-scale assessment capabilities. Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature and field monitoring data， this paper examined the ecological effects of PV power plants in ecologically fragile plateau regions from a cascading perspective encompassing microclimate， soil processes， vegetation responses， and ecosystem services. The findings indicate that PV construction drives vegetation community reorganization and dominant species turnover through land-use conversion， landscape fragmentation， and microhabitat differentiation， thereby affecting key ecosystem services such as water conservation， carbon sequestration， soil retention， and biodiversity maintenance. These effects exhibit pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity and dual-phase characteristics-disturbance dominates during the construction phase， while microhabitat optimization effects （e.g.， shading and rainfall harvesting） emerge during the operational phase. By integrating empirical evidence from different grassland types across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau， this study identifies the core contradictions and key uncertainties in the feedback between PV development and alpine ecosystems， highlights current research gaps （lack of long-term monitoring， unclear parameter–threshold relationships， and insufficient multi-scale assessment tools）， and proposes a collaborative research framework of monitoring-experimentation-modeling. This work deepens the understanding of alpine ecosystem responses to anthropogenic disturbances and provides a scientific basis and practical pathways for establishing ecological impact assessment systems and achieving synergistic development of energy and ecology.

Key words: alpine fragile regions, photovoltaic power plants, regulatory mechanisms, ecological processes, ecosystem services