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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 385-397.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00057

• • 上一篇    下一篇

荒漠地区植被信息无人机可见光遥感提取方法

马兵1,2(), 杨国靖1, 昝国盛3(), 孙涛3, 贾远信3, 周立华2,4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京 100714
    4.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-30 修回日期:2026-04-22 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 昝国盛
  • 作者简介:马兵(1989—),女,山东淄博人,博士研究生,主要从事生态经济与区域可持续发展研究。E-mail: mabing0708@126.com

Vegetation extraction methods for desertified areas using unmanned aerial vehicle RGB imagery

Bing Ma1,2(), Guojing Yang1, Guosheng Zan3(), Tao Sun3, Yuanxin Jia3, Lihua Zhou2,4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China
    4.Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
  • Received:2025-12-30 Revised:2026-04-22 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Guosheng Zan

摘要:

无人机遥感技术因其高分辨率与灵活性,已成为生态系统植被监测的重要手段。现有方法主要针对绿色植被(GV),但在荒漠生态系统中,非光合作用植被(NPV,枯枝、小灌木)与绿色植被和裸地的光谱相似,现有方法难以高效区分植被信息。因此,本文在内蒙古杭锦旗选取两个典型荒漠样区,开展了无人机航测,深入分析荒漠GV与NPV在可见光波段的光谱特性;分别采用联合阈值分割方法、自动阈值分割方法和随机森林方法,对绿色植被、非光合作用植被和裸地进行了分类提取,并评估了3种方法的分类精度与适用性。结果表明:联合阈值分割方法的平均精度最高,达到0.87;随机森林方法次之,为0.82;自动阈值分割方法最低,为0.75。联合阈值分割方法操作便捷、计算高效,易于在基层推广,为荒漠生态系统植被监测、生态恢复评估及荒漠化防治提供了更为可靠的技术支撑。

关键词: 荒漠地区, 无人机, 可见光, 植被提取

Abstract:

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology, owing to its high spatial resolution and flexibility, has become an important tool for vegetation monitoring in ecosystems. Existing methods mainly focus on green vegetation (GV); however, in desert ecosystems, non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV, such as dry branches and small shrubs) exhibits spectral characteristics similar to those of green vegetation and bare soil, making it difficult for current approaches to efficiently distinguish vegetation information. To address this issue, this study conducted UAV aerial surveys in two typical desert sample sites in Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia. The spectral characteristics of GV and NPV in the visible bands were analyzed in depth. A joint threshold segmentation method, an automatic threshold segmentation method, and a random forest method were applied to classify and extract green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and bare land, respectively, and the classification accuracy and applicability of the three methods were evaluated. The experimental results show that the joint threshold method achieved the highest average accuracy of 0.87, followed by the random forest method with an accuracy of 0.82, while the automatic threshold segmentation method performed the worst, with an accuracy of 0.75. The joint threshold method is easy to operate and computationally efficient, making it suitable for application at the grassroots level. It provides more reliable technical support for monitoring of vegetation, evaluation of ecological restoration, and desertification control in desert ecosystems.

Key words: desertified areas, unmanned aerial vehicle, visible (RGB) bands, vegetation extraction

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