关键词: 生态脆弱区, 生态重建, 农村景观规划, 景观生态建设

Abstract: The word,ecological construction,has been widely used in China.Its implications are ambiguous and its spatial extent ranges widely from the ecological design and management of a family yard to that of ecological village,ecological town,ecological county and ecological city.Hence,it is necessary to give ecological constriction at the landscape and regional scale a name:landscape ecological consummation(LEC).This approach adds spatial elements and alters landscape pattern to strengthen inter-ecosystem linkages,improve functioning of damaged ecosystems,and increase productivity and stability of the whole landscape.The goals of LEC are as follows:(1) guarantee ecological security,(2) increase the total productivity of ecosystem in the landscape,(3) conserve landscape diversity and construct sustainable landscape.The contents of LEC include modifying the spatial pattern of landscapes,controlling the intensity and ways of human activities,exploiting renewable natural resources by ecological principles and constructing new artificial landscapes.Some design principles of LEC are also introduced in the paper:(1) reciprocal interactions or feedbacks between landscape and their functions;(2) harmonize human control with biocybernetic symbiosis;(3) ecological unification of the social-economic-nature complexity;(4) conserve and increase landscape diversity and spatial heterogeneity;and(5) local control modification of the whole and adjusting measures to local conditions.Many successful models of landscape ecological construction have been created by Chinese people in the long history.Three examples highlight a variety of key approaches and solutions:field-grass-wood system on unstable sand dunes,shelter belt network in a crop field area of the "Three North" regions,and field-grass-wood mosaic system in Loess Plateau.Each was explained in details.These indicate that ecological conditions can be improved along with increased economic production.In addition,according to the situation of China and current demand,the contents of sustainable agriculture and rural development were generalized:switch mechanism of agriculture and rural area sustainable development,sustainable decision-making support system of regional agriculture,the technique intimation of sustainable agriculture development and model research of regional agriculture system.Finally,the principles of rural landscape planning in high intensive land use area were presented in the article:constructing highly efficient managed ecosystem,implementing intensified land management,rebuilding natural vegetation patches,controlling aimless expansion of artificial patches,reshaping beautiful residential environments and comfortable landscapes in harmony with natural systems,and arranging hill,water,forest,field and road as a whole.

Key words: ecological fragile zone, ecological reconstruction, landscape planning