荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对种子自身结构,水分、温度、光照、沙埋深度等对荒漠植物种子萌发的影响进行了综述。硬实种子的不透水性、不透气性以及物理障碍是影响种子萌发的重要因素,通过热水浸种、擦破种皮或果皮、浓硫酸浸泡、低温或辐射处理可以破除硬实的影响。有些荒漠植物果皮或种皮外包有粘液层,这种结构对种子的萌发及幼苗生长有促进作用;部分植物的种胚覆盖物含有生长抑制物质而抑制种子萌发;胚休眠与后熟是影响胚萌发的重要生理因素。雨量大小、分布,降雨次数及土壤湿度是决定荒漠植物种子萌发的重要生态因子;温度影响种子的萌发,变温促进萌发;部分荒漠植物种子的萌发需要光照,有些要在暗中萌发,有些则对光无特异的需求;沙埋深度可调节光照、土壤湿度和土壤温度,从而调节种子萌发。应重视荒漠植物种子对严酷环境适应的研究,从分子水平上阐述其对严酷生境的适应机制。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 种子萌发, 研究进展

Abstract: This paper reviewed the effects of seed structure and water, temperature, light, buried depth etc. on seed germination of desert plants. The non-perviousness, non-permeability and mechanical handicaps of hard seeds are key factors that restrain the germination of desert plant seeds, which can be removed by chafing seed coat, dipping seeds in sulfuric acid or warm water, treating by low temperature and radiation. Some coats of desert plant seeds containing mucilage can promote the germination process and seedling growth, whereas some coverage substance of seed embryo has inhibitors in it, which can depress seed germination. Embryo dormancy and late maturation of seeds are important physiological factor influencing the germination; rains distribution, amounts, frequency and soil moisture play important roles in seed germination; temperature affects germination and changing temperature has a good effect on it. Some seeds germinate in light illumination, some in dark condition and some have no specific demands on light; the buried depth of seeds controls germination by adjusting illumination, soil temperature and moisture. It should be emphasized to study the adaptation of seed, especially the molecular adaptative mechanism to rigid environment.

Key words: desert plants, seed germination, advance

中图分类号:

Q945.34

张勇, 薛林贵, 高天鹏, 晋玲, 安黎哲. 荒漠植物种子萌发研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(1): 106-112.

ZHANG Yong, XUE Lin-gui, GAO Tian-peng, JIN Ling, AN Li-zhe. Research Advance on Seed Germination of Desert Plants[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2005, 25(1): 106-112.

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