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中国沙漠 ›› 2005, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 417-421.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

近年来北京沙尘天气特征及成因分析

张小玲1, 李青春1, 谢璞2, 王迎春1, 李慧君3   

  1. 1. 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所, 北京 100089;
    2. 北京市气象局, 北京 100089;
    3. 北京市气候中心, 北京 100089
  • 收稿日期:2004-01-20 修回日期:2004-05-25 出版日期:2005-06-20 发布日期:2005-06-20
  • 作者简介:张小玲(1972-),女(汉族),甘肃西和县人,博士,副研究员,主要从事风沙天气的数值预报技术开发和城市空气污染研究等工作。E-mail:xlzhang@ium.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部公益类项目(2001DIB20103);北京市科委项目(955300600)资助

Features and Causes of Dust Weather in Recent Years in Beijing

ZHANG Xiao-ling1, LI Qing-chun1, XIE Pu2, WANG Ying-chun1, LI Hui-jun3   

  1. 1. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorology Administration, Beijing 100089, China;
    2. Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China;
    3. The Climate Center of Beijing, Beijing 100089, China
  • Received:2004-01-20 Revised:2004-05-25 Online:2005-06-20 Published:2005-06-20

摘要: 针对2000-2002年北京沙尘天气增加和2003年沙尘天气迅速减少的现象,统计分析了近几年北京沙尘天气的特征和出现的特点,并从大气环流形势、气候特点、气象要素以及可能影响北京沙尘天气的沙源状况进行分析。2000-2002年春季,我国处于西北气流的控制之下,冷空气势力强,以西或西北路径影响我国。2003年春季亚洲东北部高压脊偏强和日本海气旋较弱,使得冷空气路径偏北,入侵我国的冷空气势力较弱,产生大风沙尘的动力条件减弱。气候特点分析表明,1999-2002年北方大部分地区降水量持续偏少,年平均气温偏高,造成土壤水分蒸发强烈,土壤干燥疏松。2002年冬季至2003年春季,北方地区降水量较常年明显偏多,北京周边地区的主要沙源地一直被积雪覆盖,植被覆盖度扩大,有效抑制了沙尘天气的形成。

关键词: 沙尘天气, 环流形势, 气候因素, 生态环境

Abstract: Dust weather frequently occurred in Beijing from 2000 to 2002 and suddenly decreased in 2003. This paper statistically analyzed the characteristics of dusty and windy weather. The day number of dust weather in one year related to atmospheric circulation. Climate factors, especially the precipitation, were benefit to soil moisture and vegetable growth, and therefore affected dust source and dust weather. Ecological environment was another effecting factor to dust weather. The results displayed that the main cause which led the more or less dust weather in recent years in Beijing was firstly the atmospheric circulation, then the climate factors, then the improvement of ecological environment.

Key words: dust weather, atmospheric circulation, climate factors, ecological environment

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