沙尘暴生态效应与防治的探讨

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙尘暴是一种在特定时空条件下发生的自然现象,由于人类的过度干扰,对沙尘暴发生的频率和强度产生了诱导作用和富集影响,从而使人们对沙尘暴的危害出现“谈暴色变”的反应。但当沙尘暴在带来危害的同时,也对全球和区域环境产生重要的生态影响,表现为:促进全球生态系统中生物地球化学循环、重新分配和平衡地球生态系统的生产力、改善大气环境、促进生物繁殖体扩散、促进生态系统演替。所以对沙尘暴的关注,不仅要研究其对沙源区、途经区的危害,同时也应加强以下几方面的研究:沙尘暴对生态系统能流、物流和信息流影响；沙尘暴对植被恢复、农作物的后续影响及区域小气候的影响；沙尘暴单源污染与具有污染源城市的双重污染的富集作用；沙尘暴危害与发生频率的平衡点,经济损失与生态影响的平衡点。由此,对沙尘暴这一自然现象,我们应赋予科学的态度,从而理性地进行针对沙尘暴发源地的生态治理,做到可为、可不为的生态修复行为。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 生态效应, 沙漠治理, 理性行为

Abstract: Sand-dust storm is a natural phenomenon that happened in particular space and particular time, its happening frequency and intensity have been accumulated and strengthened under the excessive interference of mankind. People are very afraid of the harming of sand-dust storms. However, sand-dust storms also bring some important ecological effect on the global and regional eco-environment. They can promote the biogeochemical cycle of the global eco-system, redistribute and balance the productivity of the earth ecosystem, improve atmosphere environment, accelerate the biological breed disperse and the eco-system succession. We should not only pay attention to the harming of sand-dust storms in source region and passing routes, but also strengthen the study on the following aspects: the impact of sand-dust storms on energy flow, nutrient flow and communication flow of ecosystem; impact on vegetation restoration, crops cultivation and regional climate; the study on single pollution of sand-dust storm and the accumulated pollution caused by sand-dust storm and these cities that have pollution sources; the study on the balance point between sand-dust storm harming and its happening frequency, and the balance point between economic loss and ecological effect. Therefore, we should endue the scientific attitude on this phenomenon and carry through the ecological management rationally on the source regions, complete the action of ecological rehabilitation according that we can do it or not. In the paper, the ecotone of China is divided into three areas, that is, the ecological function area, the ecological rehabilitation area and the human habitation area. Thus we should adopt different ecological management measures.

Key words: sand-dust storm, ecological effect, desert control, reasonable behavior

中图分类号:

P445.4

娜仁花;高润宏*;张明铁. 沙尘暴生态效应与防治的探讨[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(1): 110-116.

NA Ren-hua;GAO Run-hong;ZHANG Ming-tie. Discussion on Ecological Effect and Reasonable Control of Sand-dust Storm[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2007, 27(1): 110-116.

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