土壤呼吸与测定方法研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤呼吸是当前碳循环研究领域中的一个引人关注的热点问题,也是陆地生态系统向大气释放CO2最大的源,具有多方面的生态意义。综合评述了国内外有关土壤呼吸研究成果与测定方法,阐述了影响土壤呼吸的主要因素分别有温度、湿度、植被类型、土壤理化性质和人类活动等,概括了土壤呼吸及其各分量的不同测定方法及特点,并讨论了土壤呼吸今后的努力方向。

关键词: 碳循环, 土壤呼吸, 影响因素, 测定方法

Abstract: Soil carbon plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Soil respiration is hot topic in the area of carbon cycle research. It has become the largest source that terrestrial ecosystems releases CO2 to atmosphere, and is also an index for many functional processes of ecosystems. Based on the research on soil respiration of other scholars, factors having an effect on soil respiration are temperature, humidity, the types of community, physical and chemical property of soil, etc, respectively. Some methods of measuring soil respiration and its characteristic were introduced. Finally, the paper made a summary of achievements on soil respiration in the world and suggested emphases of further study in this field.

Key words: carbon cycle, soil respiration, influencing factor, measuring methods

苏永红;冯起;朱高峰;等. 土壤呼吸与测定方法研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(1): 57-65.

SU Yong hong;FENG Qi;ZHU Gao feng;et al.. Progress in Research on Soil Respiration[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(1): 57-65.

参考文献

[1]陈泮勤,黄耀,于贵瑞.地球系统碳循环[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]汪业勖,赵士洞,牛栋.陆地土壤碳循环研究动态[J].生态学杂志,1999,18（5）：29-35.
[3]Singh J S,Gupta S R.Plant decomposition and soil respiration in terrestrial ecosystems[J].Bot Rev,1997,43:449-528.
[4]刘新民,杨劼.干旱、半干旱区集中典型生境大型土壤动物群落多样性比较[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（2）：216－222.
[5]Ciais P,Tans P P,Trolier M,et al.A large northern hemisphere terrestrial CO2 sink indicated by 12C/13C ratio of atmospheric CO2 [J].Science,1995,269:1098－1102.
[6]Burke I C,Lauenroth W K,Coffin D P.Soil organic matter recovery in semiarid grasslands [J].Ecological Applications,1995,5:793－801.
[7]Robies M D,Burke I C.Legume,grass,and conservation reserve program effects on soil organic matter recovery [J].Ecological Applications,1997,7:345－357.
[8]Cebrian J,Duarte C M.Plant growth-rate dependence of detritus carbon storage in ecosystem [J].Science,1995,268:1606－1608.
[9]Raich J W,Schlesinger W H.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate [J].Tellus,1992,44(B):81-99.
[10]刘绍辉,方精云.土壤呼吸的影响因素及全球尺度下温度的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17（5）：469－476.
[11]蒋高明,黄银晓.北京山区辽东砾林土壤释放CO2的模拟实验研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):477－482.
[12]崔玉亭,卢进登,韩纯儒.集约高产农田生态系统有机物分解及土壤呼吸动态研究[J].应用生态学报,1997,8（1）：59－64.
[13]Schleser G H.The response of CO2 evolution from soils to global temperature changes[J].Zf Naturforsch,1982,37(a):287-391.
[14]Kirschbaum M U F.The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage [J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27:753－760.
[15]Lomander A,Kǎtterer T,Andrén O.Modelling the effects of temperature and moisture on CO2 evolution from top- and subsoil using multi-compartment approach[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30:2023－2030.
[16]Keith H,Jacobson K L,Raison R J.Effects of soil phosphorus availability,temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest[J].Plant and Soil,1997,190:127－141.
[17]Davidson E A,Belk E,Boone R D.Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Global Change Biology,1998,4:217－227.
[18]Luo Y,Yan S,Hui D,et al.Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie[J].Nature,2001,413:622－625.
[19]李凌浩,王其兵,白永飞,等.锡林河流域羊草草原群落土壤呼吸及其影响因子的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24：680－686.
[20]Oechel W C,Vourlitis G L,Hastings S J,et al.Acclimation of ecosystem CO2 exchange in the Alaskan Arctic in response to decadal climate warming[J].Nature,2000,406:978－981.
[21]Rochette P,Desjardins R L,Patty E.Spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration in agricultural fields[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1991,71:189－196.
[22]Holthausen R S,Galdwell M M.Seasonal dynamics of root system respiration in Atirplex confertifolia[J].Plant and Soil,1980,55:307－317.
[23]Kucera C,Kirkham D.Soil respiration studies in tall grass praire in Miseouri[J].Ecology,1971,52:912－915.
[24]Norman J N,Garcia R,Verma S B.Soil CO2 fluxes and the carbon budge of a grassland [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(17):18845－18853.
[25]Raich J W,Potter C S.Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils [J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1995,9:23－26.
[26]Kucera C,Kirkham D.Soil respiration study in tall grass prairie in Missoure [J].Ecology,1971,52:912－915.
[27]Schlesinger W S,Cleve K V.Relationships between CO2 evolution from soil,substrate temperature,and substrate moisture in four mature types in interior Alaska [J].Can J For Res,1985,15:97－106.
[28]Jenkinson D S.The turnover of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil [J].Phiosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London:Series B,1990,329:361－368.
[29]Reiners W A.Carbon dioxide evolution from the floor of three Minnesota forest [J].Ecology,1968,48:471－483.
[30]Wiant H V.Influence of moisture content on “soil respiration”[J].J For,1967,65:902－903.
[31]De Jong E,Schappert H J V,MacDonald K B.Carbon dioxide evolution from virgin and cultivated soil as affected by management practices and climate [J].Can J Soil Sci,1974,54:299－307.
[32]Fang C,Moncrieff J B.A model for soil CO2 production and transport:model development [J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1999,95:225－236.
[33]Dǒrr H,Münich K O.Annual variation in soil respiration in selected areas of the temperate zone [J].Tellus,1987,39(B):114－121.
[34]Gulledge J,Schimel J P.Controls on soil carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in a variety of Taiga Forest stands in Interior Alaska[J].Ecosystems,2000,3:269-282.
[35]Kutesch W L,Kappen L.Aspects of carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils of Bornhǒved Lake district.П.Modelling the influence of temperature increase on soil respiration and organic carbon content in arable soils under different managements[J].Biogeochemistry,1997,39:207－224.
[36]张志山,谭会娟,王新平,等.沙漠人工植被区土壤呼吸初探[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（4）：525－527.
[37]刘允芬,欧阳华,曹广民,等.青藏高原东部生态系统土壤碳排放[J].自然资源学报,2001,16（2）：152－159.
[38]陈佐忠,黄德华.内蒙古锡林河流域羊草草原与大毛针草原地下部分生产力河周转值的研究[M]//草原生态系统研究（第2集）.北京：科学出版社,1988:132-138.
[39]Li G,Jiang R,Fu Y.Phytomass and the seasonal dynamics of an alpine meadow in Tianzhu[C]∥Proceedings of the international on grassland vegetation.Hohhot,1987:407－412.
[40]Amthor J S.Plant respiratory responses to the environment and their effects on the carbon balance[M]∥Wilkinson R E,ed.Plant-environment Interactions.New York:Dekker,1997:501－554.
[41]Priess J A,Koning G H,Veldkam A.Assessment of interactions between land use change and carbon and nutrient fluxes in Ecuador [J].Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,2001,85:269－276.
[42]]耿波远,章申,董云社,等.草原土壤的碳氮含量及其与温室气体通量的相关性[J].地理学报,2001,56（1）：44－53.
[43]李明峰,董云社,耿波远,等.草原土壤的碳氮分布与CO2排放量的相关性分析[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):7－11.
[44]杨金艳,王川宽.东北东部森林生态系统土壤碳贮量和碳通量[J].生态学报,2005,25（11）：2875－2882.
[45]Mukesh J,Joshi M.Patterns of soil respiration in a temperate grassland of Kumaun Himalaya India[J].J Trop For Sci,1995,8（2）：185－195.
[46]崔骁勇,王艳芬,杜占池.内蒙古典型草原主要植物群落的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,7（3）：245－250.
[47]魏兴琥,杨萍,董光荣.西藏“一江两河”中部地区农业发展与农田沙漠化[J].中国沙漠,2004,24（3）：196－200.
[48]邵玉琴,赵吉,杨劼.恢复草地和退化草地土壤微生物类群数量的分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2004,24（3）：223－226.
[49]裴世芳,傅华,陈亚明,等.放牧和围封下霸王灌丛对土壤肥力的影响[J].中国沙漠,2004,24（6）：763－767.
[50]王继和,马全林,杨自辉,等.干旱区沙漠化土地逆转植被的时空格局及其机制研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24（6）：729－733.
[51]Sohlenius B,Sandor A.Ploughing of a perennial grassland-effect on the nematode fauna[J].Pedobiol,1989,33（4）：199－210.
[52]Sparkling G P,Shepherd T G,Kettles H A.Changes in soil organic C,microbial C and aggregate stability under continuous maize and cereal cropping,and after restoration to pasture in soils from the Manawatu region,New Zwaland[J].Soil and Till Res,1992,24(3):225－241.
[53]李瑜琴,赵景波.过渡放牧对生态环境的影响与控制对策[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（3）：404－408.
[54]王涛,吴薇,赵哈林,等.沙漠化过程中生物损失的初步评估——以内蒙古科尔沁地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（4）：453－456.
[55]Veenendaal E M,Kolle O,Lloyd J.Seasonal variation in energy fluxes and carbon dioxide exchange for a broad-leaved semi-arid savanna in Southern Africa[J].Global Change Biology,2004,10(3):318－328.
[56]赵哈林,张同会,赵学勇,等.放牧对沙质草地生态系统组分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2004,15（3）：420－424.
[57]Holt J A.Grazing pressure and soil carbon,microbial biomass and enzyme activities in semiarid northeastern Australia[J].Applied Soil Ecology,1977,5：143－149.
[58]肖生春,肖洪浪,宋耀选,等.荒漠植被红砂（Reaumurta soongorica）水热响应的年轮学研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26（4）：548－552.
[59]贾晓红,李新荣,肖洪浪.沙坡头地区农田灌溉和施肥对氮淋融的影响研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（2）：221－227.
[60]李凌浩,陈佐忠.草地群落的土壤呼吸[J].生态学杂志,1998,17（4）:45－51.
[61]Owemsby C E,Auen L M,Coyne P I.Biomass production in a nitrogen-fertilized,tallgrass prairie ecosystem exposed to ambient and elevated levels of CO2[J].Plant Soil,1994,165:105－14.
[62]Fitter A H,Self G K,Wolfenden J,et al.Root production and mortality under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide[J].Plant Soil,1996,187:299－306.
[63]Cardon Z G.Influence of rhizodeposition under elevated CO2 on plant nutrition and soil organic matter[J].Plant Soil,1996,187:277－288.
[64]Runion G B,Curl E A,Rogers H H,et al.Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on microbial populations in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of cotton[J].Agric For Meteorol,1994,70:117－130.
[65]Zak D R,Pregitzer R S,Curtis P S,et al.Elevated atmospheric CO2 and feedback between carbon and nitrogen cycles[J].Plant Soil,1993,151:105－117.
[66]Santruckova H,Simek M.Effect of soil CO2 concentration on microbial biomass[J].Biol Fert Soils,1997,25:269－273.
[67]Korner C,Diemer M,Schappi B.The responses of alpine grassland to four seasons of CO2 enrichment:a synthesis[J].Acta Oecol,1997,18:165－175.
[68]Forlking S,Goulden M L,Wofsy S C,et al.Modelling temporal variability in the carbon balance of spuce/moss boreal forest[J].Global Change Bio,1996,2(4):343－360.
[69]Mckane R B,Rastetter E B,Shaver G R,et al.Reconstruction and analysis of historical changes in carbon storage in arctic tundra[J].Ecol,1997,78(4):1188－1198.
[70]Blank M M,Barritt B H,Kappel F.Contribution of soil respiration to the carbon balance of apple orchard[J].Acta Hort,1997,451:337－344.
[71]侯琳,雷瑞德,王德祥,等.森林生态系统土壤呼吸研究进展[J].土壤通报,2006,37（3）：589－594.
[72]Thierron V,Laudelout H.Contribution of root respiration to total CO2 efflux from the soil of a deciduous forest[J].Can J of For Res,1996,26(7):1142－1148.
[73]Bowden R D,Nadelhoffer K J,Boone R D,et al.Contribution of aboveground litter,and root respiration total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1993,23:1402－1407.
[74]Ewel K C,Cropper W P,Gholz H L.Soil CO2 evolution in Florida slash pine plantation.II.Importance of root respiration[J].Can J of For Res,1987,17:330－333.
[75]Edwards N T,Sollins P.Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide evolution from partitioned forest floor components[J].Ecology,1973,54:406－412.
[76]Risk D,Kellman L,Belltrami H.Carbon dioxide in soil profiles:Production and temperature dependence[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(6):11－14.
[77]Johson D,Geisinger A,Walker R,et al.Soil CO2,soil respiration,and root activity I.CO2-fumigated and nitrogen fertilized ponderosa pine[J].Plant Soil,1994,165(1):129－138.
[78]Swinnem J.Evaluation of the use of a model rhizdeposition technique to separate root and microbial respiration in soil [J].Plant Soil,1994,165(1):89－104.
[79]李林浩,韩兴国,王其兵.锡林河流域一个放牧群落中根系呼吸占土壤总呼吸比例的初步估计[J].植物生态学报,2002,26（1）：19－32.
[80]Bunnell F L,Scoullar K A.ABISIO IIa computer simulation of carbon flux in tundra ecosystems[J].Ecol Bull,1975,20:425－448.
[81]Silvola J,Alm J,Ahlholm U,et al.The contribution of plant roots to CO2 fluxes from organic soil[J].Biol Fert Soils,1977,23:126－131.
[82]Zogg G P,Zak D R,Burton A J,et al.Fine root respiration in northern hardwood forests in relation to temperature and nitrogen availability[J].Tree Physiology,1996,16:719－725.
[83]Vose J M,Ryan M G.Seasonal respiration of foliage,fine root,and woody tissues in relation to growth,tissue N,and photosynthesis[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8:164－175.
[84]Rakonczay Z,Seiler J R,Samuelson J.A method for the in situ measurement of fine root gas exchange of forest trees[J].Experiment Botany,1997,37:107－113.
[85]林光辉,何渊.稳定同位素技术与全球变化研究[M]∥现代生态学讲座.北京:科学出版社,1995:161－188.
[86]中国科学院南京土壤研究所微生物室编.土壤微生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[87]杨靖春,王大珍.东北羊草草原微生物呼吸速率的研究[J].生态学报,1989,9（2）:139－143.
[88]Liebig M A,Doran J W,Gardner J G.Evaluation of a field test kit for measuring select soil quality indication[J].Agro J,1996,88(4):683－686.
[89]王娓,郭继勋.东北松嫩平原羊草群落的土壤呼吸与枯枝落叶分解释放的CO2的贡献量[J].生态学报,2002,22（5）：655－660.
[90]Saussure T D E.Rechimiquessurla Vegetation[M].Paris:Guthier-Villar,1804.
[91]Conanta R T,Peter Bettab,Klopatek C C,et al.Controls on soil respiration in semiarid soils[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2004,36:941－951.
[92]王艳芬,纪宝明,陈佐忠,等.锡林河流域放牧条件下CH4通量研究结果初报[J].植物生态学报,2000,24（6）：693－696.
[93]崔骁勇,陈四清,陈佐忠,等.大毛针典型草原土壤CO2排放规律的研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11（3）:390－394.
[94]白永飞,许志信,李德新.羊草草原群落生物量季节动态研究[J].中国草地,1994,16（3）：1－5.
[95]张金霞,曹广鸣,周党卫,等.退化草地暗沃寒冻雏形土CO2释放的日变化和季节变化动态[J].土壤学报,2001,38（1）：31－40.
[96]曹广鸣,李英年,张金霞,等.高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO2的释放量[J].环境科学,2001,22（6）：14－19.
[97]刘绍辉,方精云,清田信.北京山地温带森林土壤呼吸研究[J].植物生态学报,1998,22（2）：119－126.
[98]王淼,姬兰柱,李秋荣,等.土壤温度和水分对长白山不同森林类型土壤呼吸研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14（8）：1234－1238.
[99]蒋丽芬,石福臣.东北地区落叶松人工林的根呼吸[J].植物生理学通讯,2004,40（1）：27－30.
[100]刘建军,王德祥,雷瑞德,等.秦岭天然油松、锐齿栎林地土壤呼吸与CO2释放[J].林业科学,2003,39（2）：8－13.
[101]骆士寿,陈步峰,李意德,等.海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林土壤和凋落物土壤呼吸研究[J].生态学报,2001,21（12）：2013－2017.
[102]杨玉盛,陈水光,董彬,等.格氏拷天然林和人工林土壤呼吸对干湿交替的响应[J].生态学报,2004,24（5）：954－958.
[103]罗辑,杨忠,杨清伟.贡嘎山东坡峨嵋冷衫林区土壤CO2排放[J].土壤学报,2000,37（3）：402－409.
[104]Smith J L,Halvorson J J,Bolton Jr H.Soil properties and microbial activity across a 500 m elevation gradient in a semi-arid environment[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34:1749－1757.