巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过气象资料分析、遥感解译、野外地貌调查、沙丘形态测量和沙丘表沙粒度沉积学分析,对巴丹吉林沙漠不同沙丘的形态特征及其动力机制进行了系统研究。研究结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠近40 a来的输沙势有高频变率、多向变化的特点,并在沙漠东南缘更为显著。宏观尺度上,在特征输沙场作用下,绝大部分沙山的走向很规则,且在沙丘形态上既表现出横向沙丘的部分特征,也有高大沙山独有的特点。不同走向沙丘的表沙粒度沉积学对比分析表明,表沙的平均粒径和分选系数与规则走向沙山的沙丘形态具有较好的相关性,这种相关性与沙漠东南缘的气流场总体对应。不规则走向沙山的表沙粒度分布特征较为复杂,可能是沙丘发育过程中受下伏地形起伏影响,其形态反作用局部气流场所致。沙山尾部和丘间带表沙常有多峰态的粒度分布特征,各峰指示了不同的风沙运移方式。

关键词: 沙丘形态, 风动力, 粒度, 巴丹吉林沙漠

Abstract: The relation between megadune shape and wind regime in the Badain Jaran Desert are systematically investigated by means of meteorological data analysis, remote sensing image interpretation, geomorphologic fieldwork, dune morphometry and particle size analysis. The results show that the sand drift potentials are characterized by changes with high frequency during the last 40 years, especially in the southeast part of the desert. Most megadunes strike NE—SW, reflecting the wind regime in this region is characterized by seasonal abrupt changes of wind directions. Both the lee and the stoss sides of the megadunes are steep, not consistent with the common shape of transverse dunes. The grain size distribution patterns of samples along the cross-sections of dunes vary considerably between dunes with the regular strikes (NE—SW) and those with irregular forms, indicating that multiple parameters and processes are jointly responsible for shaping the dunes in the study area.

Key words: dune form, wind regime, particle size, Badain Jaran Desert

中图分类号:

P931.3

刘陶;杨小平;董巨峰;范兴燕;李鸿威;朱秉启. 巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(6): 1285-1291.

LIU Tao;YANG Xiao-ping;DONG Ju-feng;FAN Xing-yan;LI Hong-wei;ZHU Bing-qi. A Preliminary Study of Relation Between Megadune Shape and Wind Regime in the Badain Jaran Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(6): 1285-1291.

参考文献

[1]朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:73-76.
[2]Yang X P,Rost K,Lehmkuhl F,et al.The evolution of dry lands in northern China and in the Republic of Mongolia since the Last Glacial Maximum[J].Quaternary International,2004,118/119:69-85.
[3]Yang X P,Ma N N,Dong J F,et al.Holocene hydrological and climatic changes in the Badain Jaran Desert,western China[J].Quaternary Research,2010,73:10-19.
[4]杨小平,师长兴,李炳元,等.从地球系统科学角度浅析中国地貌若干问题研究的新进展[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):521-534.
[5]王涛.巴丹吉林沙漠形成演变的若干问题[J].中国沙漠,1990,10(1):29-40.
[6]Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].New York:Routledge,1995:1-7.
[7]廖空太,李耀辉,刘虎俊,等.库姆塔格沙漠羽毛状沙垄风沙活动强度特征[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):399-405.
[8]王训明,董治宝,屈建军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠简单线形沙丘形态-动力学过程研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):257-262.
[9]哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘粒度特征与成因探讨[J].地理研究,1998,17(2):178-184.
[10]钱亦兵,吴兆宁,杨海峰,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土粒度分布的空间异质性[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(5):655-661.
[11]王雪芹,李丙文,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠沙垄表面的稳定性与顶部流动带的形成[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(2):126-131.
[12]魏振海,董治宝,胡光印,等.近40 a来若尔盖盆地沙丘时空变化[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(1):26-32.
[13]左小安,赵哈林,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地不同尺度上沙丘景观格局动态变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):786-794.
[14]张伟民,汪万福,张克存,等.不同沙源供给条件下砾石床面的风沙流结构与蚀积量变化风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1015-1020.
[15]董治宝,屈建军,卢琦.关于库姆塔格沙漠“羽毛状”风沙地貌的讨论[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1005-1010.
[16]杨小平.近3万年来巴丹吉林沙漠的景观发育与雨量变化[J].科学通报,2000,45(4):428-433.
[17]闫满存,王光谦,李保生,等.巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山的形成发育研究[J].地理学报,2001,56(1):83-91.
[18]张伟民,王涛.巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山形成演化初步探讨[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(2):281-286.
[19]李孝泽,陈发虎,李馨,等.巴丹吉林沙漠横向沙山的研究现状与问题[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(6):880-884.
[20]杨小平.巴丹吉林沙漠及其毗邻地区的景观类型及其形成机制初探[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(2):166-170.
[21]Chen J S,Li L,Wang J Y,et al.Groundwater maintains dune landscape[J].Nature,2004,432:459-460.
[22]李俊建.内蒙古阿拉善地块区域成矿系统[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[23]安作相,马纪.阿拉善地区油气地质条件[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):435-439.
[24]Sauermann G,Rognonc P,Poliakovd A,et al.The shape of the barchan dunes of Southern Morocco[J].Geomorphology,2000,36:47-62.
[25]Wang Z T,Tao S C,Xie Y W,et al.Barchans of Minqin: Morphometry[J].Geomorphology,2007,89:405-411.
[26]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos river bar: A study in the significance of grain-size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1959,27(1):3-26.
[27]朱震达,邹本功.风力作用[M].中国大百科全书:地理学卷.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1990:144-147.
[28]Bullard J E.A note on the use of the 'fryberger method' for evaluating potential sand transport by wind[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67:499-501.
[29]Lancaster N.Wind and sand movement in the Namib sand sea[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1985,10:607-619.
[30]Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime.In: Mckee,E D,A Study of Global Sand Seas.United States Geological Survey,Professional Paper[C].Washington: Government Printing Office,1979:137-169.
[31]Mischke S.内蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠成因的粒度分析和热发光测年新证据[J].古地理学报,2005,7(1):79-97.