3种不同生境芦苇叶表皮微形态和叶绿体结构特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以生长于中国西北腾格里沙漠边缘的3种芦苇,沙丘芦苇(沙芦)、戈壁盐湖芦苇(盐芦)和水生芦苇(水芦)为材料,通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜的观测,对3种生境芦苇叶片上表皮表面形态结构、叶肉细胞以及叶绿体结构进行了研究。结果发现,3种芦苇在其长期适应各自生境的过程中,其叶片表面形态结构和叶肉细胞均发生了适应性改变。与水生芦苇相比较,两种陆生型在适应各自极端生境的过程中,通过气孔下陷、减少气孔密度、缩小气孔口径、并在表面形成高密度的绒毛状蜡质晶体结构等途径减少蒸腾,提高植物对各自干旱或盐渍生境的适应。盐芦比沙芦这种适应性特征更加明显, 并在表面形成有类似于盐腺的特殊结构。同时,沙芦和盐芦叶绿体主要以长梭状而非水芦的圆形或椭圆状形态存在,并且叶绿体中淀粉粒数量增多(特别是盐芦)。这些不同生境中发生的可塑性适应调整可能通过感受环境条件的变化而参与了芦苇对长期干旱或盐渍生境的适应。

关键词: 芦苇, 生境, 叶表皮, 叶绿体

Abstract: Structure of leaf epidermis and chloroplast of common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) inhabiting in three different habitats in the Tengger Desert of northwest China were investigated, and they are dune reed (DR); Gobi salt reed (GSR) and swamp reed (SR). Leaf epidermis, mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were detected by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The results indicate that foliar surface and mesophyll have different adapting responses in reed in these three different habitats. Compared to SR, the two terrestrial ecotypes, DR and GSR, have lower stomatal densities and smaller caliber of stomata. The stomata caved in the leaf surface and a number of crystals like hairs accumulate in the epidermis in DR and GSR, especially in GSR. A particular structure similar to salt gland is found in GSR. In addition to differences in the surface, the two terrestrial ecotypes also exhibit mesophyll differences compared to SR. Chloroplasts in mesophyll cells are attached to the cell wall and exhibit a long shuttle shape in the two terrestrial ecotypes and an ellipsoid shape chloroplast in SR. Higher density of starch grain is exhibited in GSR. These results suggest that the adaptation of common reed to saline or drought-prone dunes triggers changes in the organs related to apperceive environmental conditions could contribute to the high resistance of reeds to extreme habitats.

Key words: reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), habitat, leaf epidermis, chloroplast

中图分类号:

Q944.56

刘玉冰;李新荣;周生荟;谭会娟;李小军;. 3种不同生境芦苇叶表皮微形态和叶绿体结构特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(4): 873-877.

LIU Yu-bing;LI Xin-rong;ZHOU Sheng-hui;TAN Hui-juan;LI Xiao-jun;. Characteristics of Leaf Epidermis and Chloroplast Structure in Reed Inhabiting in Three Different Habitats[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(4): 873-877.

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