兰州市城区河道表层沉积物地球化学元素分布特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对兰州市河道表层沉积物地球化学元素分析发现,兰州市河道表层沉积物41种地球化学元素富集因子多小于1,Cl、S、P、Bi、Cr、Cu、Pb、Sn、U、W、Zn富集因子值均大于2,显示了较高的污染水平。对单个采样点总富集因子的分析研究发现,R值均大于2,显示出较多的富集。其中水磨沟下游和鱼儿沟下游富集因子出现高值,显示出严重污染。元素来源研究结果显示,兰州市河道表层沉积物地球化学元素的来源可分为3类:①生活污水排放以及雨水对地面或街道的冲刷作用；②工业污染,包括冶金、电镀、农药和化肥等污水的排放；③本地土壤类型灰钙土中元素的贡献。通过粒度与元素相关性分析可知,元素P、Cl主要分布于细颗粒物质中,反映了兰州市河道表层沉积物污染物质在细颗粒中有较大量的富集。

关键词: 河道沉积物, 元素, 水体污染, 兰州, 粒度

Abstract: In this study, element concentrations were investigated for 23 deposit samples collected from 8 rivers in Lanzhou urban area. Results indicate that enrichment factor values of Cl, S, P, Bi, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, U, W, Zn are all bigger than 2. Analysis of sediment enrichment factor shows a high pollution statue at downstream of Shuimo River and Yuer River. At certain extent, these elements come from artificial factors. The contribution of anthropogenic activities can be divided into 3 types: first is domestic sewage discharge and rain erosion on the ground or the street, and second is industrial pollution such as metallurgical industry, electro-deposition, and third is contribution of elements in soil of sierozem which is a major soil type in local area. Pearson correlation analysis between elements and grain size of river sediment indicates that pollutant always is rich in fine particles.

Key words: river sediments, elements, water body pollution, Lanzhou, particle size

中图分类号:

P342

王博, 夏敦胜, 余晔, 田世丽, 贾佳. 兰州市城区河道表层沉积物地球化学元素分布特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(1): 168-174.

WANG Bo, XIA Dun-sheng, YU Ye, TIAN Shi-li, JIA Jia. Element Characters of River Sediment of Urban Area in Lanzhou City[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(1): 168-174.

参考文献

[1]曲广周,覃英宏,刘亮,等.基于R/S分析黄河及黄土高原主要河流水资源的变化[J].中国沙漠,2010,30（2）:467-470.

[2]郑艳,李德生.黄河兰州段水污染现状分析及防治[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(1):191-194.

[3]刘杰,张国珍.黄河兰州段水质污染分析研究[J].人民黄河,2008,30(5):23-24.

[4]Chau K W.Persistent organic pollution characterization of sediments in Pearl River estuary[J].Chemosphere,2006,64:1545-1549.

[5]Hakanson L.Sediment variability[M]//Burton Jr GA.Sediment Toxicity Assessment.Boca Raton,FL7 Lewis Publishers,1992:19-36.

[6]Dauvalter V,Rognerudb S.Heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Pasvik River drainage[J].Chemosphere,2001,42:9-18.

[7]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].中国环境科学出版社,1990.

[8]吴新民,范迪富,华明,等.太仓郊区河流沉积物重金属污染现状及评价[J].地质学刊,2009,33(1):43-47.

[9]樊曙先,樊韬,严培君.银川市 PM2.5重金属元素的环境污染特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(2):291-294.

[10]Adami G,Barbieri P,Reisenhofer E.An improved index for monitoring metal pollutants in surface sediments[J].Toxicol Environ Chem,2000,77:189-197.

[11]Adamo P,Arienzo M,Imperato M,et al.Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and subsurface sediments of Naples city port[J].Chemos Phere,2005,61:800-809.

[12]王博,夏敦胜,余晔,等.兰州市城区河道表层沉积物磁性特征研究[J].环境科学,2010,31（8）:41-49.

[13]王建云.玉溪市星云湖入湖污染物分布研究初步研究[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(2):56-61.

[14]杨丽萍,陈发虎.兰州市大气降尘污染物来源研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22（4）:499-502.

[15]Siegel F R.Environmental geochemistry of potentially toxic metals[M].Springer,2002.

[16]尉元明,潘峰,王静,等.兰州城区TSP 高浓度污染与自然降尘的关系[J].中国沙漠,2006,26（5）:763-766.

[17]陶健红,黄玉霞,陆登荣.河西走廊沙尘活动对兰州PM10浓度的影响及其评估[J].中国沙漠,2007,27（4）:672-676.

[18]王冠,夏敦胜,陈发虎,等.兰州市街道尘埃的元素空间变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22（6）:13-20.

[19]王冠,夏敦胜,杨丽萍,等.兰州市街道尘埃元素质量分数季节变化特征[J].兰州大学学报（自然科学版）,2008,44（1）:6-10.

[20]毛龙江,莫多闻,周昆叔,等.澧阳平原晚冰期短尺度气候变化的风成沉积物稀土元素和粒度记录[J].中国沙漠,2010,30（2）:267-272.

[21]史兴民,师静,万正.耀泾河近代洪水沉积物粒度特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(2):359-364.