不同演替阶段油蒿群落土壤水分特征分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油蒿群落是毛乌素沙地最主要的群落类型之一,在维持当地生态系统稳定中起着重要作用。土壤水分是影响油蒿群落演替的重要环境因子,为深入分析不同油蒿演替阶段土壤水分特征,使用EC-5土壤水分传感器连续监测整个生长季内先锋物种阶段(流动沙地)、稀疏阶段(半固定沙地)和建成阶段(固定沙地)油蒿群落土壤水分动态。结果表明,3种样地土壤水分均存在时间和空间上差异,流动沙地各层土壤含水量均显著高于半固定沙地和固定沙地;土壤含水量受降水影响较大, 降水量是影响土壤水分补给深度的重要因素,小于10 mm的降水主要被表层土壤吸收,10～20 mm的降水对土壤水分的补给深度超过30 cm、不及60 cm, 30～40 mm的降水补给深度大于60 cm、不及100 cm;30 cm及其上层土壤水分波动剧烈,60 cm处土壤水分主要受大于30 mm降水事件影响,波动较小,100 cm和160 cm处土壤水分几乎不受降水的影响,土壤含水量较稳定;降水补给深度及植被根系需水的层次差异是导致3种样地土壤水分时间和空间上异质性的重要因素;土壤温度主要受大气温度影响,与土壤水分相关性不显著,且随土壤深度的增加而降低。

关键词: 毛乌素沙地, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, EC-5, 油蒿

Abstract:

Artemisia ordosica is one of common species in semi-arid sandy land, which constitutes the dominant community in the Mu Us Sandy Land and plays an important role in local ecosystem. Soil moisture is a key factor in the succession of Artemisia ordosica. In order to analyze the characteristics of soil moisture at different succession stages of Artemisia ordosica community, we used EC-5 soil moisture sensor to monitor soil moisture of Artemisia ordosica community throughout the whole growing season: pioneer species stage (shifting sand-dunes), open stage (semi-fixed sand-dunes) and blooming stage (fixed sand-dunes). Results show that there are temporal and spatial differences for soil moisture, and soil moisture at every soil layer of shifting sand-dunes is significantly higher than in the fixed and semi-fixed sand-dunes. Soil moisture is mainly influenced by rainfall, and the depth of infiltration is mainly determined by the amount of rainfall; most of rainfall of less than 10 mm is absorbed by top soil, while rainfall of 10-20 mm can infiltrate to 30-60 cm soil layer, rainfall of 30-40 mm can reach the soil depth more than 60 cm but less than 100 cm. Soil moisture above soil depth of 30 cm changes dramatically, and soil moisture at soil depth of 60 cm is relatively stable and is mainly affected by ≥30 mm rainfall, while soil moisture at depth of 100 cm and 160 cm is stable and is almost not affected by rainfall. The heterogeneity of soil moisture in fixed, semi-fixed and shifting sand-dunes is mainly caused by the differences of rain infiltration depth and roots distribution of vegetation. Soil temperature decreases with the increase of soil depth and is mainly affected by atmospheric temperature, and there is no significant correlation between soil moisture and soil temperature.

Key words: Mu Us Sandy Land, soil moisture, soil temperature, EC-5, Artemisia ordosica

中图分类号:

S152.7

张军红, 吴波*, 杨文斌, 雷雅凯, 李秀梅. 不同演替阶段油蒿群落土壤水分特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(6): 1597-1603.

ZHANG Jun-hong, WU Bo, YANG Wen-bin, LEI Ya-kai, LI Xiu-mei. Soil Moisture Characteristics of Artemisia Ordosica Community at Different Succession Stages in Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(6): 1597-1603.

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