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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 53-64.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00042

• • 上一篇    下一篇

20002020年中国西北地区区域性沙尘暴特征及成因

秦豪君1,2(), 杨晓军2(), 马莉2, 王一丞2, 傅朝2, 张君霞2, 陆正奇3   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.兰州中心气象台,甘肃 兰州 730020
    3.南京信息工程大学 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-19 修回日期:2022-04-25 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2023-01-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓军
  • 作者简介:杨晓军(E-mail: 102804685@qq.com
    秦豪君(1993—),男,甘肃武威人,硕士,工程师,研究方向为天气预报。E-mail: 1205827301@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省气象局气象科研项目-人才专项(2122rczx-青年启航计划-15);中国气象局气象预报业务关键技术发展专项(YBGJXM(2020)4A-06)

Characteristics and causes of regional sandstorms in Northwest of China from 2000 to 2020

Haojun Qin1,2(), Xiaojun Yang2(), Li Ma2, Yicheng Wang2, Zhao Fu2, Junxia Zhang2, Zhengqi Lu3   

  1. 1.Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorological,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020,China
    3.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China
  • Received:2022-01-19 Revised:2022-04-25 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2023-01-09
  • Contact: Xiaojun Yang

摘要:

利用地面观测资料分析了2000—2020年中国西北地区区域性沙尘暴特征,同时基于气候动力因子、温度、降水和NDVI资料,研究西北地区区域性沙尘暴成因。结果表明:2000—2020年西北地区区域性沙尘暴年总日数呈波动下降趋势,且存在两个高(低)频期。春季是区域性沙尘暴高发季,其中4月总日数最高,达47 d;相较于上旬和中旬,春季各月下旬更易出现区域性沙尘暴。新疆南部的塔里木盆地、内蒙古中西部和甘肃河西是西北地区区域性沙尘暴高发区,总日数均在10 d以上,其余大部分地方总日数均小于8 d。北半球极涡面积指数、强度指数及亚洲区极涡强度指数均与区域性沙尘暴日数显著正相关,北半球极涡从扩张期到收缩期转变及其强度的减弱,是西北地区区域性沙尘暴减少的重要气候动力因素。西北地区年(春季)降水量和平均NDVI均与区域性沙尘暴日数显著负相关,近21年西北地区大部分地方气候趋于暖湿化,植被覆盖整体以改善为主要趋势,此种转变有利于沙化面积收缩,减少非输入性沙尘暴的发生。

关键词: 西北地区, 区域性沙尘暴, 时空分布特征, 气候变化, 气候动力因子

Abstract:

The characteristics of regional sandstorms in Northwest of China from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using ground observation data, and based on climatic dynamic factors, temperature, precipitation and NDVI data to analyse the causes of regional sandstorms changes in Northwest of China. The study results show that from 2000 to 2020, the annual total number of days of regional sandstorms in Northwest of China showed a fluctuating downward trend, and there were two high (low) frequency periods. Spring is the season of high incidence of regional sandstorms, of which the total number of days in April is the highest, reaching 47 days. Compared with the first ten days and the middle ten days of the month, regional sandstorms are more likely to occur in the last ten days of each spring months. The Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang and central-western Inner Mongolia and the Hexi in Gansu are frequent areas of regional sandstorms in Northwest of China with total number of days more than 10 days, and the total number of days in most other places of Northwest of China is less than 8 days. The area index and intensity index of the polar vortex in the northern hemisphere and the polar vortex intensity index in Asia have a significant positive correlation with the number of days of regional sandstorms. The transition of the northern hemisphere polar vortex from an expansion period to a contraction period and the weakening of its intensity are important climatic dynamic factors for the reduction of regional sandstorms in Northwest of China. The annual (spring) precipitation and average NDVI in Northwest of China are significantly negatively correlated with the number of days of regional sandstorms. In the past 21 years, the climate in most parts of the northwest region has tended to be warm and humid, and the vegetation cover has improved as the main trend. The transformation is conducive to the shrinkage of the desertified area and reduces the occurrence of non-imported sandstorms.

Key words: Northwest of China, regional sandstorms, spatial and temporal distribution characteristic, climate change, climate dynamic factor

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