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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 187-196.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00122

• • 上一篇    

塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被指数变化及其驱动力

和海秀1(), 付爱红2(), 王川2   

  1. 1.新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所,新疆 额敏 834699
    2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-06 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 付爱红
  • 作者简介:付爱红(E-mail: fuah@ms.xjb.ac.cn
    和海秀(1987—),女,硕士,畜牧师,从事畜牧生产、牧场栽培和草原生态过程研究。E-mail: 1522554@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团第九师科技局科技计划项目(2020JS016)

Negetation index change and its driving forces of low mountain meadow vegetation in the northwest of Tacheng RegionXinjiangChina

Haixiu He1(), Aihong Fu2(), Chuan Wang2   

  1. 1.Agricultural Science Research Institute in The Ninth Division of the Corps,Emin 834699,Xinjiang,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Area,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China
  • Received:2022-08-06 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-01-17
  • Contact: Aihong Fu

摘要:

以新疆塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被为研究对象,利用2001—2020年归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气象数据(年均气温和降水量)及社会经济发展数据(年末牲畜存栏数、肉类总产量和农牧民人均纯收入),运用ArcGIS 10.5软件、R语言和matlab等语言,运用相关分析法和趋势分析法,研究了不同时段低山草甸植被NDVI、气象因子和社会经济发展数据的时空变化特征,从气候变化和人类活动角度探讨了影响低山草甸植被NDVI变化的驱动力,揭示了以往采取的草地恢复措施的有效性和时效性。结果表明:2001—2008年低山草甸植被处于“绿化”状态,“绿化”现象主要分布在研究区的西南、南部和东部,但存在“褐化”趋势,NDVI的降幅在夏季最大;2009—2020年处于“褐化”状态,“褐化”现象分布在除了研究区西南部的其他区域,但存在微弱的“绿化”趋势,NDVI的增幅在夏季最大;2001—2020年生长季总体呈“暖干”趋势,但2009年以来“暖干”趋势有所减缓,低山草甸的南部经历了一个降水减少的暖化过程,而西北和东北部则表现出降水增加的冷却过程;过去20年年末牲畜存栏数和肉类总产量都呈现先急速增加后平缓增加而又急剧减少的趋势,人均纯收入呈增加趋势;NDVI与降水之间呈极显著的正相关性,与气温和牲畜养殖量不呈相关性。以往实施的退耕还草、退牧还草等措施产生的生态效应是短暂的,即使在2009年后草甸植被呈微弱的“绿化”趋势,但仍然难以挽回植被退化的状态。今后,需提出新的措施或工程,从根本上实现草地的修复和长期可持续发展。

关键词: 低山草甸, 归一化植被指数(NDVI), 气候变化, 驱动力, 塔城地区

Abstract:

In this paper, low mountain meadow in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China, is taken as the research object. Combined with the monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, meteorological data (including annual mean temperature and precipitation) and socio-economic development data (including annual average livestock carrying capacity, total meat production and per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen) from 2001 to 2020, using correlation analysis and trend analysis by means of ArcGIS 10.2.2 software, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of NDVI, meteorological factors and socio-economic development data in study area were studied in the 20 years. From the point of view of climate change and human activities, the driving forces affecting NDVI change of low mountain meadow were discussed, and the effectiveness and timeliness of grassland restoration measures taken in the past were revealed. The results showed that: (1) In the past 20 years, NDVI in the vegetation growing season generally showed a slight upward trend. However, there was a reversal around 2008, mainly in the form of a significant downward trend from 2001 to 2008 and an upward trend from 2009 to 2020 . These trends indicate that the vegetation index of lowland meadow shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the vegetation shows a smaller greening trend after 2009. From 2001 to 2008, low mountain meadow was in the greening state, the greening phenomenon was mainly distributed in the southwest, South and east of the study area, but there was a browning trend, and the decrease of NDVI was the biggest in summer, and it was in the browning state from 2009 to 2020, the greening phenomenon is mainly distributed in the southwest of the study area, but there is a weak greening trend, and the increase of NDVI is the biggest in summer. (2) The general change of the growing season from 2001 to 2020 is a “warm and dry” trend, but the “warm and dry” trend has slowed down since 2009, the southern part of the meadow experienced a warming process of decreasing precipitation, while the northwest and northeast parts showed a cooling process of increasing precipitation in the past 20 years. (3) The number of livestock and total meat production both showed a trend of rapid increase, then a gradual increase and a sharp decrease, and the per capita net income showed an increasing trend. The reduction in the number of livestock and meat production is related to local measures such as banning grazing, closing down grazing, returning farmland to grassland, returning grazing to grassland, etc. (4) There was significantly positive correlation between NDVI and precipitation, but not for temperature and livestock production. (5) The measures implemented in the past, such as returning farmland to grassland, returning grazing to grassland and so on, had produced short-term effects. Even though the meadow vegetation showed a weak greening trend after 2009, it is still difficult to reverse the state of vegetation degradation. In the future, new measures or projects should be proposed in order to fundamentally realize the restoration and long-term sustainable development of grassland.

Key words: low mountain meadow, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), climate change, driving forces, Tacheng Region

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