中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 17-30.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00156
收稿日期:2022-10-25
修回日期:2022-11-24
出版日期:2023-07-20
发布日期:2023-08-14
通讯作者:
杨林海
作者简介:杨林海(E-mail: ylh@snnu.edu.cn)基金资助:
Xueyang Guo(
), Linhai Yang(
), Liangqing Cheng, Guangyin Hu, Jingjing Hu
Received:2022-10-25
Revised:2022-11-24
Online:2023-07-20
Published:2023-08-14
Contact:
Linhai Yang
摘要:
酒东沙地位于河西走廊中段的张掖绿洲和酒泉绿洲之间,其风沙环境的变化对周边的人类活动至关重要。与其他沙区相比,该沙地的研究基础相对薄弱。对酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物的粒度、化学元素和矿物特征进行了研究,并探讨了其环境指示意义。结果表明:酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物平均粒径218~308 μm,以中沙和细沙为主,分选性良好,偏度近对称,峰度中等;沉积物粒径总体上由北向南逐渐变细;在近东西向的两条断面上,位于沙地腹地的表层风沙沉积物自西向东逐渐变细,而沙地南缘则呈现相反的规律;酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物中跃移组分含量最高,其次为短距离悬移组分、蠕移组分和长距离悬移组分。常量元素以SiO2为主,CaO和MgO含量存在顺主导风向减少的规律;微量元素除Cr、Ni和Co表现出明显的富集特征外,其余元素均出现不同程度的亏损。矿物以硬矿物石英和长石为主,其次是白云石,其他矿物含量极少;矿物成分成熟度指数Q/TF较低。酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物处于基本未受或遭受了较弱的化学风化的初期,以物理风化过程为主,推测其形成于干冷、弱化学风化和弱成壤环境下。
中图分类号:
郭雪阳, 杨林海, 程良清, 胡光印, 胡菁菁. 河西走廊酒东沙地风沙沉积物理化特征及其环境意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(4): 17-30.
Xueyang Guo, Linhai Yang, Liangqing Cheng, Guangyin Hu, Jingjing Hu. Physical and chemical characteristics of aeolian sands in Jiudong Sandy Land of Hexi Corridor and its environmental significance[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(4): 17-30.
图2 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物粒级级配(A)及自北向南(B)和自西向东(C:沙地腹地,D:沙地南缘)的粒度变化特征
Fig.2 Gradation of aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land (A), grain size variation characteristics from north to south (B) and from west to east (C: hinterland of the sandy land, D: south edge of the sandy land)
图4 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物频率分布曲线(A)和概率累积曲线(B)
Fig.4 Frequency distribution curves (A) and probability accμmulation curves (B) of the aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land
| 采样点 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JD-1-1 | 68.92 | 6.9 | 2.22 | 1.36 | 2.80 | 1.86 | 1.53 |
| JD-1-2 | 66.95 | 7.28 | 2.61 | 1.59 | 3.65 | 1.95 | 1.57 |
| JD-1-3 | 68.52 | 7.06 | 2.36 | 1.51 | 3.30 | 1.86 | 1.59 |
| JD-2-1 | 60.21 | 7.91 | 4.09 | 2.59 | 6.58 | 2.06 | 1.45 |
| JD-2-2 | 71.83 | 7.26 | 2.06 | 1.48 | 3.21 | 2.07 | 1.64 |
| JD-2-3 | 64.30 | 7.15 | 2.62 | 1.96 | 4.61 | 2.06 | 1.47 |
| JD-2-4 | 60.69 | 7.52 | 3.13 | 2.43 | 6.06 | 2.02 | 1.41 |
| JD-3-1 | 69.23 | 7.4 | 2.41 | 1.53 | 3.56 | 2.09 | 1.63 |
| JD-3-2 | 63.09 | 7.53 | 3.29 | 2.34 | 5.93 | 1.99 | 1.47 |
| JD-3-3 | 62.12 | 7.59 | 2.85 | 1.92 | 4.95 | 2.18 | 1.54 |
| JD-3-4 | 61.65 | 7.95 | 3.16 | 2.22 | 5.64 | 2.05 | 1.64 |
| JD-3-5 | 66.96 | 7.87 | 2.80 | 1.71 | 3.87 | 2.02 | 1.77 |
| 变化范围 | 60.21~71.83 | 6.9~7.95 | 2.06~4.09 | 1.36~2.59 | 2.8~6.58 | 1.86~2.18 | 1.41~1.77 |
| 平均值 | 65.37 | 7.45 | 2.80 | 1.89 | 4.51 | 2.02 | 1.56 |
| 标准差 | 3.85 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| 变异系数 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| 上部陆壳 | 66.00 | 15.20 | 5.00 | 2.20 | 4.20 | 3.90 | 3.40 |
| 巴丹吉林沙漠 | 80.27 | 7.78 | 1.93 | 1.19 | 2.06 | 1.90 | 2.00 |
| 腾格里沙漠 | 80.94 | 8.26 | 1.96 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.88 | 2.25 |
| 塔克拉玛干沙漠 | 62.05 | 10.18 | 2.36 | 1.58 | 7.30 | 2.33 | 2.40 |
表1 酒东沙地及中国主要沙漠表层风沙沉积物常量元素含量(%)
Table 1 Major element contents of aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land and other deserts in China (%)
| 采样点 | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MgO | CaO | Na2O | K2O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JD-1-1 | 68.92 | 6.9 | 2.22 | 1.36 | 2.80 | 1.86 | 1.53 |
| JD-1-2 | 66.95 | 7.28 | 2.61 | 1.59 | 3.65 | 1.95 | 1.57 |
| JD-1-3 | 68.52 | 7.06 | 2.36 | 1.51 | 3.30 | 1.86 | 1.59 |
| JD-2-1 | 60.21 | 7.91 | 4.09 | 2.59 | 6.58 | 2.06 | 1.45 |
| JD-2-2 | 71.83 | 7.26 | 2.06 | 1.48 | 3.21 | 2.07 | 1.64 |
| JD-2-3 | 64.30 | 7.15 | 2.62 | 1.96 | 4.61 | 2.06 | 1.47 |
| JD-2-4 | 60.69 | 7.52 | 3.13 | 2.43 | 6.06 | 2.02 | 1.41 |
| JD-3-1 | 69.23 | 7.4 | 2.41 | 1.53 | 3.56 | 2.09 | 1.63 |
| JD-3-2 | 63.09 | 7.53 | 3.29 | 2.34 | 5.93 | 1.99 | 1.47 |
| JD-3-3 | 62.12 | 7.59 | 2.85 | 1.92 | 4.95 | 2.18 | 1.54 |
| JD-3-4 | 61.65 | 7.95 | 3.16 | 2.22 | 5.64 | 2.05 | 1.64 |
| JD-3-5 | 66.96 | 7.87 | 2.80 | 1.71 | 3.87 | 2.02 | 1.77 |
| 变化范围 | 60.21~71.83 | 6.9~7.95 | 2.06~4.09 | 1.36~2.59 | 2.8~6.58 | 1.86~2.18 | 1.41~1.77 |
| 平均值 | 65.37 | 7.45 | 2.80 | 1.89 | 4.51 | 2.02 | 1.56 |
| 标准差 | 3.85 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| 变异系数 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| 上部陆壳 | 66.00 | 15.20 | 5.00 | 2.20 | 4.20 | 3.90 | 3.40 |
| 巴丹吉林沙漠 | 80.27 | 7.78 | 1.93 | 1.19 | 2.06 | 1.90 | 2.00 |
| 腾格里沙漠 | 80.94 | 8.26 | 1.96 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.88 | 2.25 |
| 塔克拉玛干沙漠 | 62.05 | 10.18 | 2.36 | 1.58 | 7.30 | 2.33 | 2.40 |
| 元素 | 变化范围 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 背景值 | 巴丹吉林沙漠 | 腾格里沙漠 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba | 458.2~507.4 | 474.3 | 13.8 | 0.03 | 550.0 | 544.5 | 619.61 |
| Sr | 136.1~196.0 | 165.3 | 20.0 | 0.12 | 350.0 | 168.1 | 171.77 |
| Cr | 40.2~356.8 | 175.8 | 91.9 | 0.52 | 35.0 | 105.1 | 95.53 |
| Zr | 72.9~147.9 | 93.6 | 22.2 | 0.24 | 190.0 | 89.5 | 105.13 |
| Rb | 51.4~66.1 | 57.7 | 4.4 | 0.08 | 112.0 | 62.8 | 70.69 |
| V | 38.9~76.2 | 52.0 | 10.5 | 0.20 | 60.0 | — | — |
| Co | 4.1~107.3 | 29.8 | 37.5 | 1.26 | 10.0 | 124.1 | 121.23 |
| Zn | 21.6~39.0 | 29.4 | 5.1 | 0.17 | 71.0 | — | — |
| La | 11.0~26.0 | 16.5 | 4.3 | 0.26 | 30.0 | — | — |
| Pb | 11.6~13.7 | 12.8 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 15.0 | — | — |
| Cu | 11.6~16.4 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 0.11 | 25.0 | 13.8 | 12.67 |
| Y | 12.1~18.7 | 14.4 | 2.1 | 0.15 | 22.0 | — | — |
| Ga | 8.9~10.7 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 0.07 | 17.0 | 10.7 | 11.13 |
| Ni | 18.9~37.4 | 26.6 | 5.0 | 0.19 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.65 |
| Nb | 6.3~11.1 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.19 | 25.0 | — | — |
| Bi | 5.8~5.8 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 127.0 | — | — |
表2 酒东沙地及邻近沙漠表层风沙沉积物微量元素含量(μg·g-1 )
Table 2 Trace element contents of aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land and adjacent deserts in China (μg·g-1 )
| 元素 | 变化范围 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 背景值 | 巴丹吉林沙漠 | 腾格里沙漠 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba | 458.2~507.4 | 474.3 | 13.8 | 0.03 | 550.0 | 544.5 | 619.61 |
| Sr | 136.1~196.0 | 165.3 | 20.0 | 0.12 | 350.0 | 168.1 | 171.77 |
| Cr | 40.2~356.8 | 175.8 | 91.9 | 0.52 | 35.0 | 105.1 | 95.53 |
| Zr | 72.9~147.9 | 93.6 | 22.2 | 0.24 | 190.0 | 89.5 | 105.13 |
| Rb | 51.4~66.1 | 57.7 | 4.4 | 0.08 | 112.0 | 62.8 | 70.69 |
| V | 38.9~76.2 | 52.0 | 10.5 | 0.20 | 60.0 | — | — |
| Co | 4.1~107.3 | 29.8 | 37.5 | 1.26 | 10.0 | 124.1 | 121.23 |
| Zn | 21.6~39.0 | 29.4 | 5.1 | 0.17 | 71.0 | — | — |
| La | 11.0~26.0 | 16.5 | 4.3 | 0.26 | 30.0 | — | — |
| Pb | 11.6~13.7 | 12.8 | 0.6 | 0.05 | 15.0 | — | — |
| Cu | 11.6~16.4 | 13.6 | 1.5 | 0.11 | 25.0 | 13.8 | 12.67 |
| Y | 12.1~18.7 | 14.4 | 2.1 | 0.15 | 22.0 | — | — |
| Ga | 8.9~10.7 | 9.7 | 0.7 | 0.07 | 17.0 | 10.7 | 11.13 |
| Ni | 18.9~37.4 | 26.6 | 5.0 | 0.19 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.65 |
| Nb | 6.3~11.1 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.19 | 25.0 | — | — |
| Bi | 5.8~5.8 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 127.0 | — | — |
图6 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物地球化学元素UCC标准化值及其与其他沙漠和沙地的对比
Fig.6 Distribution of UCC standardized values of geochemical elements in aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land (the values of other deserts are shown for comparison)
| 指数 | JD-1-1 | JD-1-2 | JD-1-3 | JD-2-1 | JD-2-2 | JD-2-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rb/Sr | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
| 淋溶系数 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 1.14 |
| CIA | 45.98 | 46.24 | 46.35 | 47.58 | 44.77 | 45.00 |
| 指数 | JD-2-4 | JD-3-1 | JD-3-2 | JD-3-3 | JD-3-4 | JD-3-5 |
| Rb/Sr | 0.27 | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.44 |
| 淋溶系数 | 1.26 | 0.98 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 0.97 |
| CIA | 46.85 | 45.08 | 46.99 | 45.13 | 47.22 | 46.86 |
表3 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物的化学风化程度
Table 3 Chemical weathering degree of the aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land
| 指数 | JD-1-1 | JD-1-2 | JD-1-3 | JD-2-1 | JD-2-2 | JD-2-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rb/Sr | 0.42 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
| 淋溶系数 | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 1.14 |
| CIA | 45.98 | 46.24 | 46.35 | 47.58 | 44.77 | 45.00 |
| 指数 | JD-2-4 | JD-3-1 | JD-3-2 | JD-3-3 | JD-3-4 | JD-3-5 |
| Rb/Sr | 0.27 | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.44 |
| 淋溶系数 | 1.26 | 0.98 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 0.97 |
| CIA | 46.85 | 45.08 | 46.99 | 45.13 | 47.22 | 46.86 |
| 采样点 | 石英 | 长石 | 白云石 | 磷酸钠 铍石 | 铁锂 云母 | Q/TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JD-1-1 | 75 | 25 | 3.00 | |||
| JD-1-2 | 69 | 31 | 2.23 | |||
| JD-1-3 | 68 | 30 | 2 | 2.27 | ||
| JD-2-1 | 63 | 33 | 4 | 1.91 | ||
| JD-2-2 | 69 | 28 | 2 | 2.46 | ||
| JD-2-3 | 65 | 32 | 3 | 2.03 | ||
| JD-2-4 | 63 | 32 | 5 | 1.97 | ||
| JD-3-1 | 66 | 32 | 2 | 2.06 | ||
| JD-3-2 | 65 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2.24 |
| JD-3-3 | 60 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 1.67 | |
| JD-3-4 | 61 | 30 | 4 | 1 | 2.03 | |
| JD-3-5 | 65 | 34 | 1 | 1.91 |
表4 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物矿物平均含量及成熟度指数
Table 4 Average mineral content and maturity index of aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land
| 采样点 | 石英 | 长石 | 白云石 | 磷酸钠 铍石 | 铁锂 云母 | Q/TF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JD-1-1 | 75 | 25 | 3.00 | |||
| JD-1-2 | 69 | 31 | 2.23 | |||
| JD-1-3 | 68 | 30 | 2 | 2.27 | ||
| JD-2-1 | 63 | 33 | 4 | 1.91 | ||
| JD-2-2 | 69 | 28 | 2 | 2.46 | ||
| JD-2-3 | 65 | 32 | 3 | 2.03 | ||
| JD-2-4 | 63 | 32 | 5 | 1.97 | ||
| JD-3-1 | 66 | 32 | 2 | 2.06 | ||
| JD-3-2 | 65 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2.24 |
| JD-3-3 | 60 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 1.67 | |
| JD-3-4 | 61 | 30 | 4 | 1 | 2.03 | |
| JD-3-5 | 65 | 34 | 1 | 1.91 |
图7 酒东沙地表层风沙沉积物A-CN-K三角图(长虚线箭头表示早期大陆风化趋势;短虚线箭头表示中期大陆风化趋势;Ka=高岭石、Sm=蒙脱石、PI=斜长石、IL=伊利石、Mu=白云母、Bi=黑云母、Ks=钾长石)
Fig.7 A-CN-K triangle diagram of aeolian sand sediments on the surface of Jiudong Sandy Land (Long dashed arrows indicate early continental weathering trends; Short dashed arrows indicate the mediμm-term continental weathering trends; Ka= kaolinite,Sm=montmorillonite,PI=plagioclase,IL=Illite,Mu=muscovite,Bi=black mica,Ks=potassiμm feldspar)
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