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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 262-270.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00033

• • 上一篇    下一篇

固沙灌木种类和密度对凋落物及生物土壤结皮的影响

赵逸雪1,2(), 赵洋1(), 连煜超1,2, 赵燕翘1, 许文文1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵洋
  • 作者简介:赵逸雪(1999—),女,山东泰安人,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态学研究。E-mail: zhaoyxcn@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32471708);中国科学院“西部之光”重点项目

The influence of sand-sixing shrubs species and densities on the litter and biological soil crusts

Yixue Zhao1,2(), Yang Zhao1(), Yuchao Lian1,2, Yanqiao Zhao1, Wenwen Xu1,2   

  1. 1.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-04-16 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Yang Zhao

摘要:

生物土壤结皮(Biological Soil Crust,BSC)广泛分布于干旱半干旱区,被誉为荒漠生态系统工程师。固沙灌木与BSC在地表镶嵌分布,其凋落物对BSC发育具有重要影响,但不同固沙灌木在不同种植密度下凋落物差异如何影响BSC的拓殖和发育仍鲜见报道。针对这一科学问题开展相关研究,以期为腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙灌木与BSC协同恢复提供科学依据和实践指导。本研究以腾格里沙漠东南缘20、35、50株/100 m2种植密度的沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、沙木蓼(Atraphaxis bracteata)、花棒(Hedysarum scoparium)为对象,分别测定凋落物盖度、厚度、质量和BSC属性,并通过多因素和回归分析探究凋落物属性对BSC生长发育的影响。结果表明:固沙灌木种类、种植密度和两者的交互作用均显著影响BSC厚度、总胞外多糖含量和抗压强度。此外,固沙灌木种类显著影响BSC厚度,种植密度对BSC盖度也有显著影响。回归分析发现,不同种植密度的沙拐枣、沙木蓼和花棒样地BSC各生长指标与凋落物属性的关系最佳拟合均为二次函数,即先增加后平缓或者减少的变化规律。相同密度下,沙拐枣和花棒样地BSC发育水平显著高于沙木蓼;不同种植密度中,3种固沙灌木下的BSC均在20株/100 m²时发育最好。不同种类固沙灌木和种植密度导致其凋落物属性差异,引起地表微环境变化,影响BSC的拓殖与发育。综上,本研究建议在腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙灌木-BSC联合生态恢复工作中,优先选择种植沙拐枣和花棒,其次为沙木蓼,最优种植密度均为20株/100 m²。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 固沙灌木, 凋落物属性, 种植密度

Abstract:

Biological soil crust (BSC), known as "engineers of desert ecosystems," are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. Sand-fixing shrubs and BSC form mosaic patterns on the soil surface, and shrub litter significantly influences BSC development. However, how litter differences caused by shrub species and planting densities affect BSC colonization and growth remains poorly understood. In this study, we selected three sand-fixing shrub species—Calligonum mongolicumAtraphaxis bracteata, and Hedysarum scoparium —planted at densities of 20, 35, and 50 plants/100 m² in the southeastern Tengger Desert. Coverage, thickness, and weight of litter and BSC attributes were measured, and the effects of litter properties on BSC growth were analyzed using multifactorialand regression analyses. The results showed that shrub species, planting density, and their interaction significantly influenced BSC biomass, extracellular polymeric substance content, and compressive strength. Additionally, shrub species significantly affected BSC thickness, while planting density notably influenced BSC coverage. Regression analysis found that, the relationships between BSC growth indicators and litter properties under different shrub species and densities were best fitted by quadratic function models, showing a pattern of first increasing and then gradually decreasing or decreasing changes. This study aims to conduct an in-depth investigation into this scientific issue, with the goal of providing scientific evidence and practical guidance for the coordinated restoration of sand-fixing shrubs and biological soil crusts in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. At the same density, BSC development under C. mongolicum and H. scoparium was significantly better than under A. bracteata. Among planting densities, the BSC under three types of sand-fixing shrubs developed the best at 20 plants/100 m². The different types and planting densities of sand-fixing shrubs lead to differences in their litter properties, which in turn cause changes in the surface microenvironment and affect the colonization and development of BSC. In conclusion, for ecological restoration combining sand-fixing shrubs and BSC in the southeastern Tengger Desert, priority should be given to planting C. mongolicum and H. scoparium, followed by A. bracteata, with an optimal density of 20 plants/100 m². This study analyzed the optimized configuration mode of sand-fixing shrubs and BSC collaborative restoration of ecological environment in arid areas, providing scientific basis and practical guidance for wind and sand control and ecological restoration.

Key words: biological soil crust, sand-fixing shrubs, litter attributes, planting density

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