科尔沁沙地植物适应性及沙丘植被格局

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物适应性指植物通过对水分与营养元素获取、调节、生长和功能维持等过程获得的在多时空尺度上的特征优化及生存能力，是沙地植被恢复与土地退化防治的理论基础。然而基于沙地沉积物、植物耗水规律、地下水埋深变化与沙地植物群落关系的植物适应性研究不足。针对这一问题，对科尔沁沙地地质沉积特征、不同类型沙丘植被特征及其与地下水埋深的关系进行了综述性研究与分析。结果显示：科尔沁沙地沙质沉积深度沿河及由山地到平原逐步增加，沙地中部沉积深度达到200 m；不同类型沙丘间植物群落特征差异显著，流动沙丘植物组成变化最为明显；地下水埋深增加影响沙地植物分布格局与组成特征，沙丘起伏影响植物与地下水埋深变化的关系。沙地主要植物耗水量为300~450 mm。基于植物耗水量与调查结果，科尔沁沙地的合理造林密度应为225~375株·hm^-2。

关键词: 植物适应性, 持续恢复, 稳定植被, 协同关系, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

Plant adaptability refers to the characteristics optimization and survival ability nourishment of plants on multiple spatial-temporal scales through the processes of water and nutrient elements acquisition， regulation， growth and function maintenance. The sandy land plants in northern China have the characteristics of cold， drought and salt tolerance， wind and sand process resistance， and photophily， which are major basis for species selection， density allocation and management of biological control of desertification， and the theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and land degradation control in sandy land. However， studies on the relationship between sediment， plant water consumption， groundwater depth change and plant community on sandy dune land need to be further strengthened. The results show that the sediment depth of the Horqin Sandy Land gradually increases along the rivers west-eastwards from the mountain to the plain， and the depth of the sandy land in the middle part of the Horqin Sandy Land is the largest， about 200 m. There were significant differences in plant community characteristics among different types of dunes， and the changes in plant composition of mobile dunes were the most obvious. With the increase of land use pressure， groundwater depth increased， which affected the distribution pattern and composition characteristics of plants in Horqin sandy land. Dune fluctuation affects the relationship between plants and groundwater depth change.Water consumption of main plants in sandy land is between 300 mm and 450 mm， which is close to the average annual precipitation. Based on the water consumption of plants and the results of field investigation， the reasonable afforestation density in Horqin Sandy Land was between 225-375 plants per hectare. The restoration rate of desertified land in Horqin Sandy Land has entered a bottleneck period. After 1987， the effect of desertification control was not obvious. This study can provide scientific reference for the protection， control and utilization of desertified land in Horqin Sandy Land and the regions alike.

Key words: plant adaptability, sustainable restoration, stable vegetation, synergic relationship, Horqin Sandy Land

中图分类号:

Q948

赵学勇, 王海军, 陈雪萍, 卢建男, 杨小菊, 赵思腾, 王瑞雄. 科尔沁沙地植物适应性及沙丘植被格局[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(4): 8-15.

Xueyong Zhao, Haijun Wang, Xueping Chen, Jiannan Lu, Xiaojv Yang, Siteng Zhao, Ruixiong Wang. Adaptability of plants and community patterns of dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 8-15.

图/表 4

图1 沙物质沉积层厚度空间变化（由西向东排列）

Fig.1 Spatial change of sand deposit in Horqin Sandy Land

图2 科尔沁沙地西南部流动沙丘与草地风速、气温、降水量和蒸发量（1979—1988年平均）

Fig.2 Wind velocity of dune and grassland， and monthly air temperature， precipitation and evaporation

图3 沙丘植被盖度特征与物种数变化

Fig.3 Plant coverage and species changes in dune areas in Horqin Sandy Land

图4 沙地植被盖度、丰富度与地下水埋深的变化关系注：小写字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.4 Plant coverage and abundance in relation to underground water buried depth

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