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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 175-192.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00026

• • 上一篇    下一篇

19712025年科尔沁沙地极端气候变化特征

高亚敏1,2(), 蒋羽涵2, 于静2, 孙琳丽2(), 那拉苏3, 白晓慧2, 郑成卓4   

  1. 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.通辽市气象局,内蒙古 通辽 028000
    3.库伦旗气象局,内蒙古 库伦旗 028200
    4.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-29 修回日期:2026-03-27 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 孙琳丽
  • 作者简介:高亚敏(1984—),女,河南南阳人,高级工程师,主要从事生态气象、农牧业气象研究。E-mail: gaoyaminok@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202310);内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目(nmqxkjcx202414);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2025MS03094);中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室开放基金项目(ECSS-CMA202411);通辽市气象局科技创新项目(202201);内蒙古自治区科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0007)

Characteristics of extreme climate change in Horqin Sandy Land from 1971 to 2025

Yamin Gao1,2(), Yuhan Jiang2, Jing Yu2, Linli Sun2(), Lasu Na3, Xiaohui Bai2, Chengzhuo Zheng4   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province / Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA,Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Tongliao Meteorological Bureau,Tongliao 028000,Inner Mongolia,China
    3.Kulun Banner Meteorological Bureau,Kulun Banner 028200,Inner Mongolia,China
    4.Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2026-01-29 Revised:2026-03-27 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Linli Sun

摘要:

科尔沁沙地是中国北方风沙源区和典型的生态脆弱区,为明确科尔沁沙地极端气候演变规律,本文基于1971—2025年科尔沁沙地20个国家气象站的逐日气温和降水量等数据,系统研究了24个极端气候指数的变化特征。结果表明:(1)极端气温指数呈显著非对称性增温,表现为暖升冷降,夜间增温幅度高于白天;空间上高纬度地区增温效应更显著。突变集中在20世纪80至90年代中后期,多数指数未来将呈持续性变化。(2)极端降水指数年际波动较大,整体变化趋势不显著,极端降水强度指数和频率指数以增加趋势为主,2011年后进入多雨、强降水频发阶段。空间变化呈东多西少格局。多数指数持续性较弱,未来变化可能存在转折和波动风险。(3)西太平洋副高、暖池及大西洋多年代际振荡指数(AMO)主要促进极端高温并抑制极端低温(P<0.05),极涡作用则相反。副高系统增强显著增加降水量(P<0.05),并减少持续干旱;冷舌型ENSO、AMO、西太平洋暖池与持续干旱负相关(P<0.01),极涡则加剧持续干旱(P<0.01)。研究结果可为区域气候风险评估与适应策略制定提供科学依据。

关键词: 极端气温, 极端降水, 突变检验, 持续性分析, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

Horqin Sandy Land is a sandstorm source region and a typical ecologically fragile area in northern China. To clarify the evolution patterns of extreme climate in this region, this study systematically investigates the variation characteristics, mutation features, and future trend predictions of 24 extreme climate indices based on the daily temperature and precipitation data from 20 national meteorological stations in Horqin Sandy Land from 1971 to 2025. The results showed that: (1) The extreme temperature indices exhibited a significant asymmetric warming trend, with nighttime warming being more pronounced than daytime warming. The warm event indices showed a highly significant increase (P<0.01), while the number of frost days and cold nights showed a highly significant decrease (P<0.01). Spatially, the increase in warm events and decrease in cold events were more pronounced in high-latitude regions.The mutation points were predominantly concentrated in the mid-to-late 1980s and 1990s, and most indices were projected to continue their historical trends into the future.(2) Extreme precipitation indices exhibited significant interannual variability, with no notable overall trend.Extreme precipitation magnitude indices and the number of precipitation days showed a predominantly increasing trend, and after 2010, the region entered a phase of frequent heavy rainfall and increased precipitation. Spatial variation exhibited a pattern of “more in the east and less in the west”.Most indices had low persistence, posing risks of abrupt changes and fluctuations in the future.(3) The Western Pacific Subtropical High and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) primarily promote extreme high temperatures and suppress extreme low temperatures (P<0.05), while the polar vortex systems in Asia and the Northern Hemisphere exhibit the opposite effect. The strengthening of the subtropical high system significantly increases precipitation (P<0.05) and reduces persistent drought; cold-tongue ENSO, AMO, and the Western Pacific Warm Pool are negatively correlated with persistent drought (P<0.01), while the polar vortex exacerbates persistent drought (P<0.01). The research findings can provide a scientific basis for regional climate risk assessment and the formulation of adaptation strategies.

Key words: extreme temperature, extreme precipitation, mutation test, persistence analysis, Horqin Sandy Land

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