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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 250-265.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00070

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荒漠草原典型灌木群落土壤养分多年变化与驱动因子

王浩伊(), 俞潇, 辛智鸣(), 马媛, 罗凤敏, 李星, 崔健, 卢嘉华   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院 沙漠林业实验中心/内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站/乌兰布和荒漠绿洲内蒙古自治区野外科学观测研究站,内蒙古 磴口 015200
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-02 修回日期:2026-05-08 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 辛智鸣
  • 作者简介:王浩伊(1997—),男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,助理工程师,主要研究方向为植物土壤生理生态。E-mail: why@caf.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0121800);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2025YFHH0262)

Long-term changes and driving factors of soil nutrients in typical shrub communities of the desert steppe

Haoyi Wang(), Xiao Yu, Zhiming Xin(), Yuan Ma, Fengmin Luo, Xing Li, Jian Cui, Jiahua Lu   

  1. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry /Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Research Station of Inner Mongolia/ Ulan Buh Desert Oasis Wild Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Dengkou 015200,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2026-02-02 Revised:2026-05-08 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Zhiming Xin

摘要:

阐明荒漠灌丛土壤养分的长期演变规律及其驱动机制,对理解灌丛生态系统稳定性及生态恢复至关重要。本研究以库布齐沙漠3种典型灌丛驼绒藜、四合木、霸王为对象,基于长期野外调查与室内测定数据,分析了表层土壤养分C、N、P、K及其化学计量比的长期变化特征,同步解析了气候与植被因子的变化趋势,并采用随机森林模型与冗余分析量化了环境因子对土壤养分变异的相对贡献。结果表明:2006—2021年,3种灌丛土壤有机碳均显著增加,但变化模式存在种间差异;全氮变化各异,全磷在驼绒藜和四合木中总体下降,霸王先降后升;C∶N、C∶P、N∶P比值总体升高。随机森林模型与RDA分析显示,环境因子对土壤养分变异的解释力存在种间差异:驼绒藜灌丛主要受气候因子中风速、降水量和植被因子中冠幅、高度共同影响;霸王灌丛对气候因子敏感,同时受物种丰富度显著影响;四合木灌丛模型解释力相对较低,降水量与风速贡献突出。3种灌丛土壤养分动态及其对环境因子的响应表现出明显的种间特异性。本研究为荒漠灌丛生态系统的恢复与管理提供了基于长期定位观测的数据支撑。

关键词: 荒漠灌丛, 土壤养分, 环境因子, 长期变化, 随机森林模型

Abstract:

Elucidating the long-term dynamics of soil nutrients in desert shrublands and their underlying drivers is crucial for understanding ecosystem stability and providing theoretical support for ecological restoration. In this study, three typical shrub species—Ceratoides latensTetraena mongolica, and Sarcozygium xanthoxylon—in the Hobq Desert were selected as research subjects. Based on long-term field surveys and laboratory measurements, we analyzed the long-term variations in surface soil nutrients (C, N, P, K) and their stoichiometric ratios, examined the trends in climatic and vegetation factors, and quantified the relative contributions of environmental factors to soil nutrient variation using random forest models and redundancy analysis. The results showed that from 2006 to 2021, soil organic carbon increased significantly across the three shrublands, albeit with distinct inter-specific patterns. Total nitrogen exhibited divergent trends among species, while total phosphorus generally decreased in C. latens and T. mongolica shrublands, but decreased first and then increased in S. xanthoxylon shrubland. The C∶N, C∶P, and N∶P ratios increased overall. Random forest and RDA analyses revealed inter-specific differences in the explanatory power of environmental factors on soil nutrient variation. Soil nutrient variation in C. latens shrubland was primarily influenced by both climatic factors (wind speed and precipitation) and vegetation factors (canopy width and height) (adjusted R²=74.2%). S. xanthoxylon shrubland was sensitive to climatic factors and also significantly affected by species richness (adjusted R²=82.7%). In contrast, the model for T. mongolica shrubland had a relatively lower explanatory power (adjusted R²=56.7%), with precipitation and wind speed being the prominent contributing factors. The dynamics of soil nutrients and their responses to environmental factors exhibited pronounced inter-specific specificity among the three shrublands. This study provides data support based on long-term monitoring for the restoration and management of desert shrubland ecosystems.

Key words: desert shrubland, soil nutrients, environmental factors, long-term dynamics, random forest model

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