腾格里沙漠单基柱光伏阵列近地层风速流场与风沙输移空间分异特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沙漠地区大规模光伏开发会显著改变局地风场与风沙活动，但其内部不同部位的风沙环境分异及调控机制尚不明确。本研究以腾格里沙漠东缘单基柱支撑、板下净空高度为150 cm的典型光伏阵列为研究对象，采用野外同步观测方法，对板前、板后、板间及旷野对照区（CK）在3种来流风速下的近地层风速廓线、输沙率垂向分布、风沙流结构和阻沙率进行了对比分析。结果表明：（1）光伏阵列显著削弱了近地层风速，防风效应具有明显空间异质性，主要集中在50~100 cm高度，其中板后减速作用最强，防风效果最大可达44.47%；板前20 cm高度防风效果在6.79%~7.63%，在400 cm高度可达19.15%~20.93%。（2）光伏板整体降低了风沙输移强度，但内部输沙格局稳定分异，总输沙率板间最高，板后次之，板前最低；阻沙率板前为45.26%~51.93%，板后为26.68%~33.19%，板间为11.95%~19.10%。（3）光伏板未改变风沙流近地表集中的基本规律，各位置高度输沙量均表现为2~10 cm>0~2 cm>10~20 cm，且板间区域的风沙流结构特征值在高风速下甚至超过CK，板下气流通道强化了沙粒的垂向输移能力。荒漠区光伏阵列防沙应采取分区配置策略，板间区域宜作为重点防护单元，板前可维持其减沙优势，板后则需关注基柱周边局地冲蚀风险。该研究可为荒漠区光伏电站分区防沙设计和精细化运维提供科学依据。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 光伏阵列, 近地层风场, 风沙输移, 阻沙率

Abstract:

Large-scale photovoltaic （PV） development in desert regions can significantly alter local wind fields and aeolian activity， yet the spatial differentiation of wind-sand environments and their regulatory mechanisms within different parts of PV arrays remain insufficiently understood. In this study， a typical single-column PV array with a ground clearance height of 150 cm on the eastern margin of the Tengger Desert was selected as the study object. Based on synchronous field observations， we comparatively analyzed near-surface wind speed profiles， the vertical distribution of sediment transport rates， sand-flow structure， and sand-blocking rates at the panel front， panel rear， inter-panel space， and an open control site （CK） under three incoming wind-speed conditions. The results showed that：（1） The PV array significantly reduced near-surface wind speed， and the wind-reduction effect exhibited clear spatial heterogeneity， mainly concentrated within the 50-100 cm height range. The strongest deceleration occurred at the panel rear， where the maximum wind-reduction effect reached 44.47%， while the wind-reduction effect at 20 cm in front of the panel was relatively weak， ranging from 6.79% to 7.63%， and 19.15%-20.93% at 400 cm height. （2） The PV panel as a whole reduced aeolian sediment transport intensity， but the internal transport pattern remained stably differentiated， with total sediment transport ranked as inter-panel space > panel rear > panel front. The sand-blocking rate was 45.26%-51.93% at the panel front， 26.68%-33.19% at the panel rear， and 11.95%-19.10% in the inter-panel space. （3） The PV panel did not alter the basic law that aeolian sediment transport is concentrated near the ground surface. At all positions， sediment transport at different heights followed the order 2-10 cm>0-2 cm>10-20 cm， and the sand-flow structural parameter in the inter-panel space even exceeded that of CK under high wind-speed conditions， indicating that the airflow passage beneath the panel enhanced the vertical transport capacity of sand particles. The results suggest that sand-control measures in desert PV arrays should adopt a zonal configuration strategy， with the inter-panel space treated as the key protection unit， the panel front maintaining its sediment-reduction advantage， and the panel rear requiring attention to local erosion risk around the supporting columns. This study provides a scientific basis for zoned sand-control design and refined operation and maintenance of PV power plants in desert regions.

Key words: Tengger Desert, photovoltaic array, near-surface wind field, aeolian sand transport, sand retention rate

中图分类号:

X169

张泽忠, 张华勇, 何昱璇, 王彪, 王小娜, 杨光, 麻云霞, 肖建华, 张德怡. 腾格里沙漠单基柱光伏阵列近地层风速流场与风沙输移空间分异特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(5): 136-148.

Zezhong Zhang, Huayong Zhang, Yuxuan He, Biao Wang, Xiaona Wang, Guang Yang, Yunxia Ma, Jianhua Xiao, Deyi Zhang. Spatial differentiation characteristics of near-surface wind field and aeolian sand transport under a single-column photovoltaic array in the Tengger Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(5): 136-148.

图/表 10

图1 腾格里沙漠光伏园区4月风向玫瑰图

Fig.1 Wind rose for the Tengger Desert Solar Park in April

图2 样地布设示意图

Fig.2 Site layout diagram

图3 不同来流风速下光伏板不同位置风速廓线

Fig.3 Vertical profiles of wind speed at different locations around the photovoltaic panel under different incoming wind speed conditions

图4 不同来流风速下光伏板近地层风速流场

Fig.4 Near-surface wind field around photovoltaic panels at different inflow wind speeds

图5 9.37 m·s⁻¹风速下光伏板不同位置5 min平均风速变化

Fig.5 Changes in the 5-minute average wind speed at different locations on the solar panel at a wind speed of 9.37m·s⁻¹

表1 不同来流风速下光伏板不同位置的防风效果

Table 1 Wind-resistant performance of solar panels at different locations under varying wind speeds

高度/cm	防风效果/%
	7.74 m∙s^-1			9.37 m∙s^-1			11.28 m∙s^-1
	板前	板后	板间	板前	板后	板间	板前	板后	板间
20	6.79	27.78	14.81	7.29	22.74	13.70	7.63	28.77	12.33
50	30.18	44.47	35.41	17.32	28.41	14.09	16.43	28.67	12.94
100	30.42	42.81	34.06	15.45	28.60	17.94	8.66	21.29	20.12
150	25.17	33.22	24.32	14.10	25.83	13.31	16.28	24.17	12.47
200	20.19	27.56	18.59	16.62	24.20	11.37	17.57	24.00	12.51
300	22.92	25.79	15.76	15.57	21.75	11.71	12.24	19.92	8.92
400	20.93	17.05	14.47	20.81	15.90	12.70	19.15	15.87	12.41

图6 不同来流风速下光伏板不同位置累计输沙率的垂向分布

Fig.6 Vertical distribution of cumulative sediment transport rates at different locations on photovoltaic panels under varying incident wind speeds

图7 （续）

Fig.7 （续）

图7 不同来流风速下光伏板不同位置输沙率垂向分布及拟合曲线

Fig.7 Vertical distribution of sediment transport rates at different locations on the solar panel and fitting curves under varying incident wind speeds

表2 不同来流风速下光伏板不同位置风沙流结构特征值与阻沙率

Table 2 Structural characteristics and sand retention rates of sand-carrying airflow at different locations on photovoltaic panels under various incoming wind speeds

指示风速	输沙率（g∙cm^-2∙min^-1）	CK	板前	板后	板间
7.74 m∙s^-1	总输沙率	0.773	0.372	0.532	0.625
	10~20 cm输沙率	0.076	0.048	0.069	0.070
	2~10 cm输沙率	0.465	0.196	0.291	0.359
	0~2 cm输沙率	0.233	0.128	0.172	0.196
特征值λ	—	1.999	1.539	1.691	1.826
阻沙率/%	—	—	51.93	31.17	19.10
9.37 m∙s^-1	总输沙率	0.986	0.540	0.723	0.868
	10~20 cm输沙率	0.143	0.070	0.084	0.132
	2~10 cm输沙率	0.586	0.292	0.431	0.509
	0~2 cm输沙率	0.257	0.178	0.209	0.228
特征值λ	—	2.279	1.634	2.062	2.235
阻沙率/%	—	—	45.26	26.68	11.95
11.28 m∙s^-1	总输沙率	1.357	0.720	0.907	1.125
	10~20 cm输沙率	0.250	0.109	0.157	0.192
	2~10 cm输沙率	0.796	0.405	0.514	0.674
	0~2 cm输沙率	0.311	0.205	0.235	0.259
特征值λ	—	2.561	1.977	2.188	2.604
阻沙率/%	—	—	46.99	33.19	17.13

参考文献 28

[1]	肖建华，司建华，刘淳，等.沙漠能源生态圈概念、内涵及发展模式［J］.中国沙漠，2021，41（5）：11-20.
[2]	Zhou J， Xiao J H， Ren Y，et al.Assessment of suitability for photovoltaic plant siting and planning of power transmission corridors in China［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2026，552：147888.
[3]	Yang H， Feng Q， Xiao J，et al.Rapid solar energy development in deserts：a missing element in desertification control and achieving sustainable development goals［J］.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，2026，123（10）：e2601509123.
[4]	Yao Z Y， Xiao J H， Xie X S，et al.Design of optimal sand fences around a desert solar park：a case study from phase IV of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park［J］.Natural Hazards，2022，113（1）：673-697.
[5]	张呈春，张维福，展秀丽，等.腾格里沙漠光伏阵列对气流场和风沙流的扰动作用［J］.水土保持通报，2024，44（4）：55-65.
[6]	贾瑞庭，蒙仲举，党晓宏，等.库布齐沙漠200MWp光伏阵列的截流阻沙效应研究［J］.中国农业科技导报，2021，23（4）：137-144.
[7]	唐国栋，蒙仲举，高永，等.沙区光伏设施干扰下近地表输沙通量分析［J］.干旱区研究，2020，37（3）：739-748.
[8]	Jubayer C M， Hangan H.A numerical approach to the investigation of wind loading on an array of ground mounted solar photovoltaic （PV） panels［J］.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics，2016，153：60-70.
[9]	Etyemezian V， Nikolich G， Gillies J A.Mean flow through utility scale solar facilities and preliminary insights on dust impacts［J］.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics，2017，162：45-56.
[10]	郭彩贇，韩致文，李爱敏，等.库布齐沙漠110MW光伏基地次生风沙危害的动力学机制［J］.中国沙漠，2018，38（2）：225-232.
[11]	李永得，马瑞，王强强，等.腾格里沙漠西南缘光伏阵列风沙运动特征的观测研究［J］.水利规划与设计，2025（10）：160-165.
[12]	Sun F H， Luan Y K， Tan Q L，et al.Quantifying photovoltaic power plant-induced cool island effect and vegetation response in arid regions［J］.Ecological Indicators，2026，185：114765.
[13]	杨敏，刘任涛，曾飞越，等.腾格里沙漠东南缘人工固沙植被演替地面节肢动物群落多样性分布特征［J］.生态学报，2024，44（1）：428-439.
[14]	Li M L， Chen T， Ma S J，et al.Wind field characteristics of photovoltaic arrays based on wind tunnel tests［J］.Solar Energy，2025，300：113867.
[15]	王浩，李生宇，王海峰，等.沙漠光伏电站地表蚀积发生机制实验研究［J］.干旱区研究，2025，42（2）：349-359.
[16]	杨世荣，凌侠，蒙仲举，等.库布齐沙漠生态光伏电站风速脉动特征［J］.干旱区研究，2019，36（5）：1309-1317.
[17]	Jubayer C M， Hangan H.Numerical simulation of wind effects on a stand-alone ground mounted photovoltaic （PV） system［J］.Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics，2014，134：56-64.
[18]	Yao N Z， Wang H， Wang B，et al.Venturi-effect rotating concentrators and nonreciprocity characteristics based on transformation hydrodynamics［J］.Acta Physica Sinica，2022，71（10）.
[19]	朱志昊，屈建军，殷轶男，等.光伏立柱刷状草绳防掏蚀性能的风洞模拟［J］.中国沙漠，2026，46（2）：188-200.
[20]	Xiao J H， Ye D T， Xie X S，et al.Numerical simulation of the airflow at the world’s largest concentrated solar power plant in a desert region［J］.Solar Energy，2022，232：421-432.
[21]	袁方，张振师，卜崇峰，等.毛乌素沙地光伏电站项目区风速流场及风蚀防治措施［J］.中国沙漠，2016，36（2）：287-294.
[22]	张华，李锋瑞，张铜会，等.科尔沁沙地不同下垫面风沙流结构与变异特征［J］.水土保持学报，2002（2）：20-23.
[23]	陈曦.沙区光伏电站对气固两相流及地表土壤粒径的影响研究［D］.呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2019.
[24]	Tan L H， Wang B， He Y X，et al.Impact of a large-scale desert photovoltaic power plant on aeolian saltation and dust emission［J］.Solar Energy，2026，305：114245.
[25]	Namikas S L.Field measurement and numerical modelling of aeolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach［J］.Sedimentology，2003，50（2）：303-326.
[26]	高岳.库布齐沙漠柔性支架光伏电站风沙运动与地表蚀积规律［D］. 呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2025.
[27]	屈建军，张伟民，彭期龙，等.论敦煌莫高窟的若干风沙问题［J］.地理学报，1996，（5）：420-425.
[28]	Xiao J H， He P X， Li Y，et al.Ecological dichotomies of solar energy expansion：resilience in arid regions versus fragility in humid ecosystems［J］.Frontiers in plant science，2025，16：1549519.