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中国沙漠 ›› 2009, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 1100-1108.

• 生物土壤与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

古尔班通古特沙漠风沙土微量元素对植被格局的影响

钱亦兵1, 吴兆宁2, 张立运1, 蒋 超1,3, 杨海峰1,3   

  1. 1.中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所 绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011; 2.新疆大学 地质与勘探工程学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046; 3.中国科学院 研究生院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2008-06-11 修回日期:2008-07-25 出版日期:2009-11-20 发布日期:2009-11-20

Impact of Trace Elements in Sandy Soils on Vegetation Patterns of Gurbantunggut Desert

QIAN Yi-bing1, WU Zhao-ning2, ZHANG Li-yun1, JIANG Chao1,3, YANG Hai-feng1,3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2.College of Geology and Exploration Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 3.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2008-06-11 Revised:2008-07-25 Online:2009-11-20 Published:2009-11-20

摘要: 横穿古尔班通古特沙漠,测度了沙漠植被盖度、物种多样性和丰富度等格局参数及微地形、土壤理化性质。在此基础上,借助ICP/MS仪测定了沙漠表层(0~10 cm)和次表层(10~30 cm)风沙土中Cu、Zn、Mo、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、V、Se、B微量元素含量。利用t-检验和CCA排序的方法,分析了微量元素在风沙土中的空间分布特征和对植被格局的影响。结果显示,地势较高的东部Ni和Mn的含量高于其他地段。地势较低、土壤中水分、有机质、全盐含量较高的西部,Mo、Cu、Zn、Fe、Se含量较高。Fe的高含量值主要出现在分选差、有机质较多的风沙土中。另外,绝大多数微量元素在表层风沙土中的平均含量高于浅层。对比不同微量元素成分条件下的乔灌木和草本层片植物组成和结构特征,发现乔灌木层片基本格局所受影响不明显,草本层片则在沙漠生境下已形成的植物群丛内部发生分化,出现多个小的植物组合。

关键词: 微量元素, 植被格局, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: A study on vegetation pattern parameters such as covers, species diversities and richness, and on soil physical-chemical properties and micro-terrains was conducted along the section across the Gurbantunggut Desert from east to west. With the help of ICP/MS apparatus some trace elements Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, Se and B in surface (0~10 cm) and subsurface (10~30 cm) sandy soil layers were measured. The spatial distribution characteristics of trace elements in sandy soils and their impacts on vegetation patterns were further analyzed by using t-test and CCA ordination methods. The results are showed as follows. The contents of Ni and Mn in sandy soils are more in the east of the desert with relatively higher terrain, and the contents of Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe and Se are more in the west of the desert with relatively lower terrain but with more soil moisture, organic matter and total salt. Thereinto, the higher content of Fe mainly occurred in the sandy soils with poorer sorting indices and higher organic matter content. In addition, the contents of most trace elements in the surface layer of sandy soils are higher than that in subsurface layer. The compositions and structures of woody and herbaceous synusia in sandy soils with different trace element contents were compared. It was disclosed that the impact of trace element on the basic pattern of woody synusium is not apparent, but the interior differentiation of plant assemblages for the herbaceous synusium has emerged under the desert habitats, forming many small plant assemblages.

Key words: trace element, vegetation pattern, Gurbantunggut Desert

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