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中国沙漠 ›› 2011, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1611-1616.

• 天气与气候 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃陇中地区清代干旱灾害与气候变化研究

成爱芳1, 赵景波2, 冯 起1   

  1. 1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000; 2.陕西师范大学 西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心, 陕西 西安 710062
  • 收稿日期:2010-01-21 修回日期:2010-02-04 出版日期:2011-11-20 发布日期:2011-11-20

Drought Disaster and Climate Change in the Qing Dynasty in Central Gansu Province

CHENG Ai-fang1, ZHAO Jing-bo2, FENG Qi1   

  1. 1.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2.Center for Historical Environment and Socio-economic Development in Northwest China, Xian 710062, China
  • Received:2010-01-21 Revised:2010-02-04 Online:2011-11-20 Published:2011-11-20

摘要: 通过对历史文献资料的整理与统计分析,对甘肃陇中地区清代干旱灾害的等级序列特征、年代际变化、季节变化、空间变化及气候背景进行了研究。结果表明,陇中地区清代共发生旱害136次,平均每1.97年发生1次;干旱灾害以中度旱灾为主,占旱灾总次数的50%;其次是大旱灾,占旱灾总次数的30.9%;特大旱灾和轻度旱灾发生频率较低,各占旱灾总次数的11%和8.1%。旱灾可划分为4个阶段:第一阶段在1640—1700年代之间,为旱灾低发期;第二阶段在1710—1770年代之间,为旱灾增长的较高时期;第三阶段在1780—1820年代之间,为旱灾变化较小的较高时期;第四阶段在1830—1900年代之间,为旱灾高发期。旱灾在季节上以夏旱次数最多,其次为春旱和两季连旱,旱灾严重程度在空间上呈现由西南到东北增强的特点。该区清代的气候变化与西部树轮记录所显示的气候冷暖波动有较好的对应。

关键词: 干旱灾害, 时空变化, 气候变化, 陇中地区, 清代

Abstract: Based on data of historical documents, we studied the ranks, spatial and temporal changes and climatic background of drought disasters in the Qing dynasty in central Gansu province. It was found that there were 136 times of drought disasters in the Qing dynasty in central Gansu, approximately once every 1.97 years on average. The drought disasters were mainly morderate ones which accounted for 50% of the total, followed by severe ones accounted for 30.9% of the total, and that very severe and slight ones accounted for 11% and 8.1% of the total, respectively. Variation of drought disasters could be divided into four periods: there were the fewest drought disasters in the first phase from 1640s to 1700s; the second phase from 1710s to 1770s was a fast growth stage with high frequency; the third phase from 1780s to 1820s was a little change stage with high frequency; the fourth phase from 1830s to 1900s was a very high frequency period. Drought disasters mainly occurred in summer, followed by spring. The severity of drought disasters in the northeast region are more serious than in southwest region in central Gansu. The climate change in central Gansu during the Qing Dynasty corresponded well with tree ring records in western China.

Key words: drought disaster, spatial and temporal change, climate change, central Gansu, the Qing dynasty

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