甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠湿地植物群落物种多样性特征研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于375个样方和150条样线的调查,对甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地生态系统植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:①区内共记录植物26种,分属16科24属,芦苇（Phragmites australis）、多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）和胡杨（Populus euphratica）为绝对优势种,苏枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum）、疏叶骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）和胀果甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata）为主要伴生种,其平均重要值依次为0.4728、0.4563、0.4342、0.2908、0.2594和0.2455。植物群落分多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落、胀果甘草群落、疏叶骆驼刺群落、多枝柽柳沙包群落、苏枸杞群落、芦苇沼泽群落和芦苇群落8个类型。②植物群落物种多样性指数偏低（0.784～1.379）,多枝柽柳群落、胡杨群落和芦苇群落物种多样性指数最大（1.379、1.266和1.194）,群落之间差异显著（P＜0.05）;疏叶骆驼刺群落和苏枸杞群落次之（1.154、1.077）,胀果甘草群落、芦苇沼泽和多枝柽柳沙包群落最低（0.919、0.881、0.784）,各群落之间不存在显著差异。③灌（乔）木层是敦煌西湖植被主要层次,灌（乔）木层物种多样性指数（0.549～1.077）大于草本层（0.052～1.038）。④物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随海拔梯度增加基本均显下降趋势,而指数C变化趋势则相反,表现为上升,均匀度指数变化幅度不显著。⑤物种多样性指标H′、D、J和Ma随经纬度升高变化趋势基本一致,均表现为先下降,后上升,再下降,而优势度指数C变化趋势则相反。

关键词: 荒漠-湿地, 生态系统, 植物群落, 物种多样性, 敦煌

Abstract:

The plant species diversity in Xihu desert wetland of dunhuang, Gansu province has been studied based on the surveying of 375 sampling plots and 150 sampling transects. Results showed that: (1) 26 species belonging to16 families, 24 genera were recorded in the area. Phragmites communis, Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica are dominant species, Lycium ruthenicum, Alhagi sparsifolia and Glycyrrhiza inflata are main associated species, and their average importance values are 0.4728, 0.4563, 0.4342, 0.2908, 0.2594 and 0.2455 respectively. The plant communities are composed of 8 types, including Tamarix ramosissima community, Populus euphratica community, Glycyrrhiza inflate community, Alhagi sparsifolia community, Tamarixramosissim community, Lycium ruthenicum community, Phragmitescommunis community and Phragmites communis community. (2) The plant community species diversity indexes are generally low (0.784-1.379), in which the species diversity indexes of Tamarix ramosissima community, Populus euphratica community and Phragmitescommunis community are larger (1.379, 1.266 and 1.194), the species diversity indexes of Alhagi sparsifolia community and Lycium ruthenicum community are second (1.154 and 1.077), and the species diversity indexes of Glycyrrhiza inflate community, Phragmites communis community and Tamarixramosissima community are lower (0.919, 0.881 and 0.784). (3) Shrub and tree are main vegetation layers in Xihu desert wetland ecosystem, and the species diversity indexes of shrub and tree (0.549-1.077) are larger than that of the herb layer (0.052-1.038). (4) The species diversity indexes such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity, Simpson superiority and Margalef richness significantly decrease with the increase of elevation, while the Simpson superiority value shows an opposite trend, the change of evenness index is not significant. (5) With change of horizontal sites, the Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson diversity, Simpson superiority and Margalef richness show similar trend, being decreased at first at relatively low-longitude and low-latitude sampling area and then increased at relatively low-longitude and high-latitude sampling area, and decrease at last at relatively high-longitude and high-latitude sampling area, but the change trend of the Simpson superiority value shows an opposite trend.

Key words: desert wetland, ecosystem, plant community, species diversity, Dunhuang

中图分类号:

Q948.15

陈文业1, 张继强1, 赵明1, 王志广2, 吴三雄2, 袁海峰2, 康建军1, 孙飞达3, 王永恒1. 甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠湿地植物群落物种多样性特征研究[J]. 中国沙漠.

CHEN Wen-ye1, ZHANG Ji-qiang1, ZHAO Ming1, WANG Zhi-guang2, WU San-xiong2, . Species Diversity Characteristics of Plant Community in Xihu Desert Wetland of Dunhuang, Gansu Province[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH.

参考文献

[1]李永宏.草地生态系统可持续管理的原则[C]//李博.现代生态学讲座.北京:科学出版社,1995:79-88.

[2]常学礼,赵爱芬,李胜功.科尔沁沙地固定沙丘植被物种多样性对降水变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(2):147-151.

[3]郭正刚,梁天刚,刘兴元,等.新疆阿勒泰地区草地类型及植物多样性的研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(10):1719-1724.

[4]张锦春,王继和,赵明,等.库姆塔格沙漠南缘荒漠植物群落多样性分析[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):375-382.

[5]黄忠良,孔国辉,何道泉.鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(2):193-198.

[6]Gustafsson L.Indicators and assessment of biodiversity from a Swedish forestry perspective[R].Forestry Research Institute of Sweden,Report No.1,2000.

[7]李新荣,张景光,刘立超,等.我国干旱沙漠地区人工植被与环境演变过程中植物多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):257-261.

[8]李裕元,邵明安.黄土高原北部紫花苜蓿草地退化过程与植物多样性研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2321-2327.

[9]陈文业,戚登臣,李广宇,等.施肥对甘南高寒草甸退化草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(6):31-36.

[10]张林静,岳明,张远东,等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带植物群落物种多样性特征[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):329-334.

[11]孔丽娟,沈吉庆.腾格里沙漠东南边缘植物群落物种多样性分析[J].宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(4):25-28.

[12]郑姚闽,崔国发,雷霆,等.甘肃敦煌西湖多枝柽柳群落特征和种群格局[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(4):34-44.

[13]吴三雄,袁海峰.甘肃省敦煌国家级自然保护区科学考察报告[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:38-50.

[14]党荣理,潘晓玲.西北干旱荒漠区种子植物科的区系分析[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):24-32.

[15]戚登臣,陈文业,张继强,等.敦煌西湖湿地生态系统现状、退化原因及综合修复对策[J].草业学报,2010,19(4):194-203.

[16]刘迺发.甘肃敦煌自然保护区科学考察[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001:6-14.

[17]刘旻霞.敦煌西湖自然保护区生物多样性特征及生境质量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(3):171-174.

[18]卢琦,李新荣,肖洪浪.荒漠生态系统观测方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004:66-75.

[19]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法[M]//中国科学院生命多样性委员会.生物多样性研究的原理与方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994:141-165.

[20]陈文业,赵明,李广宇,等.不同类型施肥水平对甘南沙化高寒草甸植物群落特征及生产力的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27（2）:254-267.

[21]陈文业,戚登臣,李广宇,等.甘南高寒退化草地生态位特征及生产力研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(1):80-90.

[22]张大勇,姜新华.群落内物种多样性发生与维持的一个假说[J].生物多样性,1997,5(3):161-167.

[23]吴征镒.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.

[24]中国湿地植被编辑委员会.中国湿地植被[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.

[25]郑姚闽,崔国发,雷霆,等.甘肃敦煌西湖湿地植物群落平均盖度与土壤含盐量耦合关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4665-4672.

[26]周洪华,陈亚宁,李卫东.塔里木河下游绿洲-荒漠过渡带植物多样性特征及优势种群分布格局[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):688-696.

[27]李吉玫,徐海量,张青青,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林不同退化区胡杨种群结构和空间分布格局研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):897-904.

[28]郑吉,李卫红,李建贵,等.塔里木河下游绿洲荒漠过渡带群落多样性特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):241-247.

[29]王国宏,任继周,张自和.河西山地绿洲荒漠植物群落多样性研究ⅱ.放牧振动下草地多样性的变化特征[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):31-37.

[30]雷磊,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,李金香,等.干旱区典型绿洲地表温度与植被覆盖度相关性研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):1001-1007.

[31]顾峰雪,张远东,潘晓玲,等.阜康绿洲土壤盐渍化与植物群落多样性的相关性分析[J].资源科学,2002,24(3):42-47.

[32]郭正刚,刘慧霞,孙学刚,等.白龙江上游地区森林植物群落物种多样性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(3):388-395.

[33]张雷,王晓江,胡尔查,等.科尔沁沙地蒙古黄榆种群结构与空间分布格局[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(1):115-120.

[34]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ.丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.

[35]何明珠.阿拉善高原荒漠植被组成分布特征及其环境解释.ⅲ.植物功能群多样性对环境因素的响应[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(2):278-286.