敦煌-格尔木铁路沿线风动力环境特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 敦煌-格尔木铁路沿线地形复杂、起沙因素多变、沙源丰富，沙害问题日益严重。目前对其风沙活动规律还未有研究，不利于防沙工作的开展。为此，通过对自北向南的5个观测点（S1、S2、S3、S4、S5）风速和风向的观测、计算和分析，利用平均风速、起沙风况及输沙势对敦格铁路沿线的风动力环境特征进行研究。结果表明：S5、S4和S3的风况对铁路风沙灾害防治意义较大。S5年平均风速、起沙风频率和输沙势最大，春季风沙活动最为强烈，且风向单一、风力强劲，风沙运动方向基本与铁路垂直，沙粒易在铁路附近堆积。S4夏季风沙活动最为强烈；S3春季风沙活动最为强烈，且风向单一，S4和S3的风沙运动方向与铁路夹角小于90°，附近沙源广阔，铁路易受风沙侵蚀，阻碍交通运营。

关键词: 敦煌-格尔木铁路, 风动力环境, 平均风速, 起沙风况, 输沙势

Abstract: Due to the complex terrain, the variable sand-moving factors and the abundant sand sources along the Dunhuang-Golmud Railway, the problem of sand damage is becoming more and more serious, but the regularity of blown sand activity has not been studied yet, which is not conducive to targeted sand prevention and control work. To this end, the characteristics of wind dynamic environment are studied by analyzing the average wind speed, sand-moving wind condition and sand drift potential, which is based on the observation, calculation and analysis of wind speed and wind direction at various sites in the field. The results show that the wind conditions at S5, S4 and S3 are of great significance to the prevention and control of railway wind-sand disasters. In S5, the annual average wind speed, sand-moving wind frequency and drift potential are the largest, and the wind-sand activity is the strongest in spring. The sand accumulate easily near the railway because of the single wind direction, the strong wind, and the movement of wind direction is basically perpendicular to the railway. In S4, The summer blown sand activity is the strongest; In S3, the main wind season is spring and the wind direction is single. The wind direction of S4 and S3 is less than 90° with the railway, and in addition, the nearby sand source is wide, which causes the railway to be vulnerable to wind and sand damage and affects the railway operation.

Key words: Dunhuang-Golmud Railway, dynamic environment of wind, average wind speed, sand-moving wind condition, sand drift potential

中图分类号:

P931.3

鱼燕萍, 张克存, 安志山, 张余. 敦煌-格尔木铁路沿线风动力环境特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 41-48.

Yu Yanping, Zhang Kecun, An Zhishan, Zhang Yu. Dynamic environment of wind along the Dunhuang-Golmud Railway[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 41-48.

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