古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮中微生物量与土壤酶活性的季节变化

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00154

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮土壤中微生物N量与酶活性的季节变化。结果表明：微生物N量及蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性在不同月份差异极显著；微生物N量春季>夏季>秋季>冬季，在3月达到最高值；蔗糖酶在4—9月均保持较高的活性，酶活性在4月份最高；碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性均呈单峰曲线变化，其峰值分别出现在3-7月；土壤有机质和全N含量在3月和9月明显高于其他月份；微生物N量与碱性磷酸酶、脲酶之间，蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶及过氧化物酶与土壤温度之间，蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化物酶与土壤水分之间均具有极显著的正相关关系。微生物N量的增加为脲酶和碱性磷酸酶提供反应底物或能源物质从而增加酶的活性。土壤酶活性的季节变化可能是由土壤水分和温度共同影响的。

关键词: 生物结皮, 微生物量, 土壤酶, 季节变化, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

In the Gurbantunggut Desert, seasonal variations of microbial biomass and soil enzymes were measured with 60 soil samples collected from the inter-dune of the sand dune. The results indicated that: significant seasonal differences were observed in microbial biomass and the activity of invertase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase of biological soil crusts. The changing trends of microbial biomass N in different season was spring>summer>autumn>winter; the value of microbial biomass N reached the highest point in March; two peaks were found for the invertase activity in a year; invertase activity was higher from April to September than in the other months and was the highest in April; the changing trends of alkaline phosphatase, urease, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase acitivity all presented single-peaked curve and their highest values were observed in different month from March to July; organic matter and total N of the soil in March and September were higher than in the other months; microbial biomass N was significantly and positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity and urease activity, respectively; significant positive correlations were observed between soil temperature and invertase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase acitivity; soil moisture was significantly correlated with invertase, urease and peroxidase activity; increasing microbial biomass offered substrate or energetic substance for urease and alkaline phosphatase activities and then increased enzymatic activities; the seasonal change of soil enzyme may be impacted by direct roles and indirect roles of soil moisture and temperature.

Key words: biological soil crusts, microbial biomass, soil enzyme, seasonal change, Gurbantunggut Desert

中图分类号:

S154.3

玛伊努尔·依克木1，张丙昌2，买买提明·苏来曼1. 古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮中微生物量与土壤酶活性的季节变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 1091-1097.

YIKIM Maynur1, ZHANG Bing-chang2, SULAYMAN Mamtimin1. Seasonal Variations of Microbial Biomass and Soil Enzyme Activity in Biological Soil Crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(4): 1091-1097.

参考文献

[1]Harper K T,Marble J R. A role for non-vascular plants in management of arid and semi-arid rangelands[C]//Tueller P T.Application of Plant Sciences to Rangeland Management and Inventory.Amsterdam:Martinus Nijhoff/W Junk,1998:135-169.

[2]Eldridge D J,Greene R S B.Microbiotic soil crusts: a review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia[J].Australia Journal of Soil Research,1994,32:389-415.

[3]陈亚宁,李卫红,张元明,等.新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮在沙丘尺度的生态与环境解释[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(10):1211-1216.

[4]张元明,陈晋,王雪芹,等.古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征[J].地理学报,2005,60(1):53-60.

[5]郑云普,赵建成,张丙昌,等.荒漠生物结皮中藻类和苔藓植物研究进展[J].植物学报,2009,44(3):371-378.

[6]饶本强,刘永定,胡春香,等.人工藻结皮技术及其在沙漠治理中的应用[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(4):756-761.

[7]王岩,沈其荣,史瑞和,等.土壤微生物量及其生态效应[J].南京农业大学学报,1996,19(4):45-51.

[8]王少昆,赵学勇,曲浩,等.科尔沁沙地和浑善达克沙地流动沙丘中土壤微生物学特征比较[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(12):1516-1522.

[9]刘恩科,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期施肥对土壤微生物量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(1):176-182.

[10]Dias-Ravina M,Acea M J,Carbanas T.Microbial biomass and its contribution to nutrient concentration in forest soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,25:25-31.

[11]刘艳梅,李新荣,何明珠,等.生物土壤结皮对土壤微生物量碳的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):669-673.

[12]杨梅焕,曹明明,朱志梅.毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠化过程中土壤酶活性的演变研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(1):69-73.

[13]吴楠,潘伯荣,张元明.土壤微生物在生物结皮形成中的作用及生态学意义[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(4):444-450.

[14]韩新宁.土壤酶对土壤环境质量的作用及影响[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(4):90-92

[15]张水印,余明泉,朱玲,等.退化红壤区不同重建模式森林土壤微生物碳氮特征研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2010,32(1):101-107.

[16]张其水,俞新妥.杉木连栽林地营造混交林后土壤微生物的季节性动态研究[J].生态学报,1990,10(2):121-126.

[17]张丙昌,张元明,王敬竹.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型沙垄藻类的时空分布[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):919-926.

[18]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.

[19]苏延桂,李新荣,贾小红,等.温带荒漠区藻结皮固氮活性沿时间序列的变化[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):421-427.

[20]吴楠,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠生物土壤结皮影响下的土壤酶分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):1128-1136.

[21]张元明.荒漠地表生物土壤结皮的微结构及其早期发育特征[J].科学通报,2005,50(1):42-47.

[22]周晓兵,张元明,陶冶,等.古尔班通古特沙漠土壤酶活性和微生物量氮对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3340-3349.

[23]Nunan N,Mogan M A,Herlihy M.Ultraviolet absorbance (280 nm) of compounds released from soil during chloroform fumigation as an estimate of the microbial biomass[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(12):1599-1603.

[24]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.

[25]吴秀臣,孙辉,杨万勤.土壤酶活性对温度和CO2浓度升高的响应研究[J].土壤,2007,39(3):358-363.

[26]张丙昌,张元明,赵建成,等.古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮不同发育阶段中藻类的变化[J].生物学报,2009,29(1):9-17.

[27]Mager D M,Thomas A D.Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial soil crusts:a review of their role in dry land soil processes[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2011,75:91-97.

[28]Hernandez D L,Hobbie S E.The effects of substrate composition,quantity,and diversity on microbial activity[J].Plant and Soil,2010,335:397-411.

[29]王雪芹,蒋进,雷加强,等.古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布及其沙面稳定意义[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):598-605.

[30]Shields L M,Dcrrell L W.Algae in relation fertility[J].The Botanical Review,1964,30:92-128.

[31]钱亦兵,吴兆宁,张立运,等.古尔班通古特沙漠风沙土微量元素对植被格局的影响[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1100-1108.

[32]张静,张元明,周晓兵,等.生物结皮影响下沙漠土壤表面凝结水的形成与变化特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6600-6608.

[33]吴楠,张元明,张静,等.生物结皮恢复过程中土壤生态因子分异特征[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(3):397-404.

[34]陈荣毅,张元明,潘伯荣,等.古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分空间分异与干扰的关系[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):257-265.

[35]Brockett B F T,Prescott C E,Grayston S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2012,44:9-20.

[36]吕国红,周广胜,赵先丽,等.土壤碳氮与土壤酶相关性研究进展[J].辽宁气象,2005,(2):6-8.

[37]胡君利,林先贵,尹睿,等.浙江慈溪不同利用年限水稻土微生物生物量与酶活性比较[J].生态学报,2008,28(4):1552-1557.

[38]Asencio A D,Morte A,García-Carmona F,et al.Partial purification and characterization of a calcium-dependent alkaline phosphatase from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis[J].Journal of Phycology,2012,48:347-354.

[39]Rose C,Axler R P.Uses of alkaline phosphatase activity in evaluating phytoplankton community phosphorus deficiency[J].Hydrobiologia,1998,361:145-156.