模拟降雨对齿肋赤藓（Syntrichia caninervis）生理特性的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00335

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆古尔班通古特沙漠地表具有发育完好的生物土壤结皮，本文以参与组成生物土壤结皮的优势藓类——齿肋赤藓（Syntrichia caninervis）为研究对象，在实验室内对其进行模拟降雨处理，降雨量分别为0 mm（对照）、2 mm、6 mm、10 mm和15 mm，研究模拟降雨影响下齿肋赤藓植株含水量、光合色素含量及可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT和POD）、丙二醛含量的变化，以探讨其对降雨的生理生化响应。结果表明：随降雨量的增加，齿肋赤藓植株含水量显著增加；随齿肋赤藓植株含水量的增加，其光合色素含量和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加；随降雨量增加，抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT和POD）活性和可溶性糖含量呈大致递减的趋势，游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势。在干燥状态下齿肋赤藓通过提高体内保护酶（SOD、CAT和POD）活性，增加可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量来抵御外界干旱胁迫的环境；而降雨能够增加齿肋赤藓植株含水量，激活其光合生理活性，显著提高光合色素含量，但是降雨量过大又将加剧齿肋赤藓膜脂过氧化的程度。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 齿肋赤藓（Syntrichia caninervis）, 模拟降雨, 生理生化特性

Abstract: Biological soil crusts developed well in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang. Syntrichia caninervis Mitt., the dominant species of moss crusts, was studied in this paper. The experiments described here were conducted in laboratory to investigate the influence of simulated rainfall on the physiological characteristics of S. caninervis. The amounts of simulated rainfall were set as 0 mm (control), 2 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm. A series of important physiological index were measured, including water content of plant tissue, pigment content, soluble sugar, free proline, soluble protein, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that along with an increase in simulated rainfall amounts the water content of plant tissue increased significantly. In other words, along with an increase in the water content of plant tissue, pigment content and soluble protein increased; activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) and soluble sugar content exhibited a general decrease; free proline and MDA decreased firstly and then increased. Under dehydrated conditions, S. caninervis was able to acclimate to the external drought stress by adjusting the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD), as well as the content of soluble sugar and free proline; while S. caninervis was prompt in its response to rainfall in different aspects, the water content of plant tissue and pigment content increased significantly, photosynthetic physiological activities were activated immediately after simulated rainfall, whereas, membrane lipid peroxidation of S. caninervis may be aggravated by excessive rainfall.

Key words: biological soil crusts, Syntrichia caninervis, simulated rainfall, physiological charateristics

中图分类号:

Q945.79

张静, 张元明. 模拟降雨对齿肋赤藓（Syntrichia caninervis）生理特性的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 433-440.

Zhang Jing, Zhang Yuanming. Influence of Simulated Rainfall on the Physiological Characteristics of Syntrichia caninervis[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(2): 433-440.

参考文献

[1] 吴玉环,程国栋,高谦.苔藓植物的生态功能及在植被恢复与重建中的作用[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(3):215-220.
[2] 徐杰,白学良,田桂泉,等.腾格里沙漠固定沙丘结皮层藓类植物的生态功能及与土壤环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(2):234-242.
[3] 张元明,曹同,潘伯荣.干旱与半干旱地区苔藓植物生态学研究综述[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1129-1134.
[4] Wu N,Zhang Y M,Downing A,et al.Membrane stability of the desert moss Syntrichia caninervis Mitt.during desiccation and rehydration[J].Journal of Bryology,2012,34(1):1-8.
[5] 许书军,王艳,陈颖雯,等.顺磁共振和傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究高温对荒漠苔藓质膜结构影响[J].分析化学,2007,35(3):350-354.
[6] Liu Y D,Cao T,Glime J M.The changes of membrane permeability of mosses under high temperature stress[J].Bryologist,2003,106(1):53-60.
[7] 魏美丽,张元明.脱水对生物结皮中齿肋赤藓光合色素含量和叶绿体结构的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1311-1318.
[8] Pressel S,Duckett J G,Ligrone R,et al.Effects of de- and rehydration in desiccation-tolerant liverworts:a cytological and physiological study[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2009,170(2):182-199.
[9] 魏海英,尹增芳,方炎明,等.Pb、Cd污染胁迫对大羽藓超微结构的影响[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(12):2066-2071.
[10] 龚双姣,马陶武,李菁,等.镉胁迫下三种藓类植物的细胞伤害及光合色素含量的变化[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2671-2676.
[11] 龚双姣,马陶武,姜业芳,等.铅胁迫对3种藓类植物细胞伤害及光合色素含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,8:1630-1636.
[12] Zhang J,Zhang Y M,Downing A,et al.Photosynthetic and cytological recovery on remoistening Syntrichia caninervis Mitt.,a desiccation-tolerant moss from Northwestern China[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(1):13-20.
[13] 衣艳君,刘家尧.毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv)PSⅡ光化学效率对脱水和复水的响应[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5238-5244.
[14] 沙伟,王欢,师帅.旱后复水对东亚砂藓生理生化指标的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,2010,28(2):246-249.
[15] 孙守琴,何明,曹同,等.Pb、Ni胁迫对大羽藓抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,29(4):937-942.
[16] 李朝阳,田向荣,陈军,等.脱水与复水过程中湿地匍灯藓的生理生化响应[J].广西植物,2009,29(1):139-142.
[17] 张显强,罗在柒,唐金刚,等.高温和干旱胁迫对鳞叶藓游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].广西植物,2004,24(6):570-573.
[18] 吴玉环,程佳强,冯虎元,等.耐旱藓类的抗旱生理及其机理研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(1):23-29.
[19] Reed S C,Coe K K,Sparks J P,et al.Changes to dryland rainfall result in rapid moss mortality and altered soil fertility[J].Nature Climate Change,2012,2(10):752-755.
[20] 王红玲,张元明.古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮中藓类植物形态解剖特征[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(3):363-370.
[21] 张元明,潘惠霞,潘伯荣.古尔班通古特沙漠不同地貌部位生物结皮的选择性分布[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):61-64.
[22] 王亚婷,唐立松.古尔班通古特沙漠不同生活型植物对小雨量降雨的响应[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1028-1034.
[23] 包维楷,冷俐.苔藓植物光合色素含量测定方法——以暖地大叶藓为例[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(2):235-237.
[24] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[25] 郑云普,赵建成,张丙昌,等.荒漠藓类结皮层中齿肋赤藓形态结构适应性及其原丝体发育特征[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):878-883.
[26] 回嵘,李新荣,贾荣亮,等.增强UV-B辐射对真藓结皮生理特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(1):38-43.
[27] 孙天国,沙伟,刘岩.复合重金属胁迫对两种藓类植物生理特性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(9):2332-2339.
[28] 李铮铮,伍钧,唐亚,等.铅、锌及其交互作用对鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5441-5446.
[29] 魏海英,方炎明,尹增芳.铅和镉污染对大羽藓生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(5):982-984.
[30] Tuba Z,Csintalan Z,Badacsonyi A,et al.Chlorophyll fluorescence as an exploratory tool for ecophysiological studies on mosses and other small poikilohydric plants[J].Journal of Bryology,1997,19:401-407.
[31] Walker M A,Mckersie B D.Role of the ascorbate-glutathione antioxidant system in chilling resistance of tomato[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,1993,141(2):234-239.
[32] 刘应迪,曹同,向芬.高温胁迫下两种藓类植物过氧化物酶活性的变化[J].广西植物,2001,21(3):255-258.
[33] 包斯日古冷,斯琴巴特尔,田桂泉,等.渗透胁迫对直叶灰藓活性氧代谢的影响[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2011,40(1):68-73.
[34] 石勇,赵昕,贾荣亮,等.逐渐干旱胁迫下生物土壤结皮中真藓和土生对齿藓的活性氧清除机制[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):683-690.
[35] 徐杰,白学良,田桂泉,等.干旱半干旱地区生物结皮层藓类植物氨基酸和营养物质组成特征及适应性分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1247-1255.
[36] 张静,张元明.冻融过程对生物结皮中齿肋赤藓叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1479-1487.