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中国沙漠 ›› 2000, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (s1): 1-6.

• 论文 •    下一篇

近40a我国北方农牧交错区气候变化及其与土地沙漠化的关系——以科尔沁沙地为例

赵哈林, 张铜会, 崔建垣, 李玉霖   

  1. 中国科学院 寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2000-01-15 修回日期:2000-03-20 出版日期:2000-12-31 发布日期:2000-12-31
  • 作者简介:赵哈林(1954-),男(汉族),安徽马鞍山人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事恢复生态学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家"973"项目(G1999043400);国家"九五"攻关项目(96-920-13-02);院特别支持项目(KZ95T-04;KZ951-A1-301);院重点项目(KZ-952-91-218);国家重大基金课题(49890330);内蒙科委课题"西部之光"(999078);自然科学基金(990141)

Effect of Climatic Changes on Environment and Agriculture in the Past 40 Years in Interlaced Agro-pasturing Areas of North China-A Case Study in Horqin Sand Land

ZHAO Ha-lin, ZHANG Tong-hui, CUI Jian-yuan, LI Yu-lin   

  1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2000-01-15 Revised:2000-03-20 Online:2000-12-31 Published:2000-12-31

摘要: 近40 a来,伴随着全球气候变化,科尔沁沙地的气候也发生了较为明显的变化。主要表现为:90年代和60年代相比,年均气温升高0.5~1.2℃,气温波动性减小43.0%~61.0%;年均降水量增加50~67mm,年降水变异系数增大20%~50%;年均蒸发量下降16.7%;气候呈现暖湿化趋势。其中升温主要发生于冬季,降水增加主要发生于春夏两季。近40 a来,该区沙漠化呈明显发展趋势,其中从50年代末到80年代末,沙漠化面积由32 925 km2增加到71 884 km2,年均发展速度高达3.94%,虽然到90年代其年均发展速度降到1.2%,但总面积却扩展了8 673 km2。降水的增加有利于天然植被的恢复和农业的发展,但也容易导致大面积垦荒的发生,进而引起沙漠化急剧发展。因此,在严禁滥垦草原的同时,要抓住时机大力发展灌溉农业,加强植被的保护和建设。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 农牧交错区, 气候变化, 沙漠化

Abstract: In the past 40 years the climate of Horqin Sand Land has changed significantly accompaning with the global climatic changes.Comparing 1990's climatic data with 1960's,it can be found the mean annual temperature has increased by 0.5~1.2℃,which mainly happened in winter;the changed amplitude of air temperature by 43%~61%;the mean annual precipitation by 50~67 mm,which mainly concentrated in spring and summer;and the mean annual evaporation by 16.7%.All of those indicates a trend that the climate of this area has been becoming warmer and wetter than before.The increasing of precipitation is benefit to natural vegetation restoring and agriculture development.Meanwhile,it is also easy to lead to reclamation of grassland to agricultural land use at large scale.In the prohibition of over reclamation,we should develop irrigation agriculture and strengthen the protection and construction of natural vegetation.

Key words: Horqin Sand Land, interlaced agro-pasturing areas, climatic changes, desertification

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