开垦对荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘典型流域（玛纳斯河、吉木萨尔河、三工河、四工河、水磨河）的绿洲农田与毗邻荒漠土壤为研究对象，采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）方法分析不同开垦年限的土壤微生物生物量、群落结构、多样性变化特征。结果表明：荒漠开垦后，土壤微生物总PLFA含量、真菌PLFA、细菌PLFA、革兰氏阳性菌（G⁺）和革兰氏阴性菌（G^-）PLFA含量均显著增加。荒漠开垦5 a内，细菌PLFA与G^-PLFA增长更强烈，使得真菌PLFA/细菌PLFA比值降低了48%，G⁺PLFA/G^-PLFA比值（革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的PLFA比值）降低了67%。但随着开垦年限的延长，这两个比值没有显著变化，表明与开垦年限相比，荒漠的开垦行为对土壤微生物群落结构有着更加强烈的影响。随着开垦年限的增加，土壤微生物群落多样性总体呈上升趋势。虽然荒漠在开垦50 a后多样性指数略有下降，但仍远高于荒漠土壤。土壤微生物总PLFA含量和大部分菌群PLFA含量与土壤电导率显著负相关，与全氮和有机碳显著正相关。荒漠在开垦过程中灌溉增加了土壤水分且降低了土壤盐分，全氮和有机碳含量增加，这些改变是土壤微生物群落变化的主要原因。荒漠开垦有助于提高土壤微生物PLFA含量、改善土壤微生物的群落结构、丰富土壤微生物群落多样性，有利于土壤质量的提高。

关键词: 古尔班通古特沙漠, 开垦年限, 生物群落, 磷脂脂肪酸

Abstract: Soil microbial biomass, community structure and microbial diversity were analyzed by using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)methods, based on the soil of oasis field typical basins (Manas River Basin, Jimsar river, Sangong river, Sigong river, shuimo River) and the adjoining desert in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert. The result of the ecological evaluation showed that: The total PLFAs, Fungi PLFA, Bacteria PLFA, Gram-positive bacteria PLFA(G⁺) and Gram-negative bacteria PLFA(G^-) had generally increased after reclamation of desert; Microbial community structure has undergone significant changes: In the early desert reclamation (3 a), fungal PLFA/bacterial PLFA ratio decreased 48%, G⁺ PLFA/G^- PLFA ratio (Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria PLFA ratio) reduce 67%. But with the extension of cultivation years, these two ratios did not change significantly, suggesting that compared with reclamation years, desert reclamation behavior have a more intense effect on the soil microbial community. In addition, the overall trend of the soil wicrobial diversity is rising with years of use. The diversity index showed a slight decrease after reclamation of 50 years but still higher than the desert soil. The total soil microbial PLFA and most bacteria PLFA content had significant negative correlation with soil conductivity while they had significant positive correlation with total nitrogen and organic carbon. Desert in the reclamation process due to irrigation increased soil moisture and reduces soil salinity, while total nitrogen and organic carbon content increased, these changes are the main reasons for the change of soil microbial communities. This study suggested that desert reclamation helped to improve soil microbial PLFA content, improve soil microbial community structure, and enrich diversity of soil microbial communities. Finally it contributed to improve soil quality.

Key words: Gurbantunggut Desert, reclamation years, microbial community, phospholipid fatty acid

中图分类号:

Q938.1

王银亚, 李晨华, 马健. 开垦对荒漠土壤微生物群落结构特征的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(3): 514-522.

Wang Yinya, Li Chenhua, Ma Jian. Effects of Desert Reclamation on Soil Microbial Community and Microbial Diversity[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(3): 514-522.

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