柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物粒度特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00074

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 雅丹是干旱区常见的风蚀地貌，也是风沙地貌学界关注和争论的焦点。以柴达木盆地西北部冷湖地区的典型长垄状雅丹为对象，对其出露剖面的沉积物粒度特征进行了研究。结果表明：长垄状雅丹沉积物中粉沙组分含量最高，平均为44.03%；沙粒组分含量次之，平均为35.99%；黏粒组含量最低，平均为19.98%。沉积物频率曲线既有主次峰明确的双峰分布曲线，也有主次峰不明确的双峰和单峰分布曲线；前者可能为风力搬运堆积形成的沉积物，后两种曲线宽平，沉积物分选性差，可能为湖相沉积形成。沉积粒度参数在垂直剖面呈现出一定的变化规律，但是粒度参数之间没有显著的相关关系。长垄状雅丹沉积物呈明显的软硬岩层（即沙质亚砂土与粉质黏土或沙质亚黏土与粉质亚黏土）互层的现象，这为风力的吹蚀和磨蚀作用创造了有利条件。

关键词: 雅丹, 粒度, 柴达木盆地, 冷湖

Abstract: Yardangs are the widespread aeolian erosion landforms in the arid regions, and also the research and argument focus of the aeolian geomorphologists. This paper selects the typical long ridge yardangs of Lenghu area in the northwestern Qaidam Basin, and investigates the grain size characteristics of sediments in the outcrop profile. The results indicated that the content of silt grain size is the highest in the long ridge yardangs' sediments, achieving 44.03% in average, and sand grain size is in the second place, with a mean content of 35.99%, and the content of clay grain size is the lowest, with an average content merely 19.98%. The frequency curves contain not only bimodal distribution pattern with definite main and secondary peaks, but also bimodal distribution pattern with vague main and secondary peaks and single modal distribution pattern. The former probably represents aeolian sediments; while the frequency curves of the later are flat and wide, and the sorting is poor, therefore they probably represent lacustrine sediments. Grain size parameters show regular variation at some degree in the vertical long ridge yardang profile, however, there are no obvious correlation relationship among parameters. Grain size characteristics demonstrated that long ridge yardangs were composed of interbedded soft and hard strata, which can be made use of by wind deflation and abrasion.

Key words: yardang, grain size, Qaidam Basin, Lenghu

中图分类号:

P931.3

郜学敏, 董治宝, 段争虎, 崔徐甲, 刘铮瑶, 陈国祥, 张彩霞. 柴达木盆地西北部长垄状雅丹沉积物粒度特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(2): 79-85.

Gao Xuemin, Dong Zhibao, Duan Zhenghu, Cui Xujia, Liu Zhengyao, Chen Guoxiang, Zhang Caixia. Grain-size Characteristics of Long Ridge Yardangs in the Northwestern Qaidam Basin, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(2): 79-85.

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