中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 105-117.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00160
• • 上一篇
张越1(), 陈思宇1(
), 毕鸿儒1, 曹佳慧1, 罗源2, 龚咏琪1, 陈渔1
收稿日期:
2021-08-15
修回日期:
2021-11-10
出版日期:
2022-05-20
发布日期:
2022-06-01
通讯作者:
陈思宇
作者简介:
陈思宇(E-mail: chensiyu@lzu.edu.cn)基金资助:
Yue Zhang1(), Siyu Chen1(
), Hongru Bi1, Jiahui Cao1, Yuan Luo2, Yongqi Gong1, Yu Chen1
Received:
2021-08-15
Revised:
2021-11-10
Online:
2022-05-20
Published:
2022-06-01
Contact:
Siyu Chen
摘要:
干旱半干旱地区是中国的农业后备战略基地,然而近年来该地区农田土壤风蚀现象严重,沙/尘释放量显著增大,威胁农业的可持续发展和生态系统平衡。目前绝大部分的天气和气候模式仅考虑了沙漠地表起沙,忽视退化农田的土壤风蚀起沙,导致起沙通量模拟存在很大的不确定性。对20世纪50年代以来干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀起沙特征及参数化做了详细的分析总结,回顾并梳理了干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀观测和数值模拟的研究脉络以及存在的问题,为提高农田起沙的模拟精度提供了有效参考,对中国干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀防治、土地荒漠化治理以及理解未来土地利用改变对大气污染的影响具有重要意义。
中图分类号:
张越, 陈思宇, 毕鸿儒, 曹佳慧, 罗源, 龚咏琪, 陈渔. 干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀特征及参数化研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2022, 42(3): 105-117.
Yue Zhang, Siyu Chen, Hongru Bi, Jiahui Cao, Yuan Luo, Yongqi Gong, Yu Chen. Characteristics and parameterization of farmland soil wind erosion in arid and semi-arid areas of China: progress and challenges[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(3): 105-117.
地区 | 地表状况 | 实验处理 | 风速 /(m?s-1) | 输沙量 /g | 输沙率 /(g?cm-2?min-1) | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中国西北半干旱区青海省贵南县 | 草原植被,板栗土壤,含36%的砂粒、53%的粉粒和11%的黏粒 | 最大土块直径1.0 cm | 15 | 0.098 | Zhang等[ | |
最大土块直径增加至5.0 cm | 15 | 0.0046 | ||||
内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗头支箭乡小河套村 | 原状栗钙土 | 自然风干处理,无残茬 | 8 | 0.000135 | 杨秀春等[ | |
10 | 0.000354 | |||||
15 | 0.004352 | |||||
20 | 0.008811 | |||||
24 | 0.021420 | |||||
内蒙古自治区武川县旱作农业区 | 砂质栗钙土,砂粒含量67%、粉粒含量31.5%、黏粒含量1.5% | 茬高20 cm,平均植被覆盖率55%,带宽3 m,距地表0.6 m处 | 5 | 0.023 | 赵彦军等[ | |
6 | 0.051 | |||||
9 | 0.063 | |||||
12 | 0.081 | |||||
15 | 0.117 | |||||
内蒙古自治区武川县干旱区 | 栗钙土,多孔隙,沙性,有机质含量低 | 带宽8 m,距风洞出口120 cm,收集高度0—70 cm | 6 | 12.2 | 韩亚雄[ | |
9 | 15.0 | |||||
12 | 12.5 | |||||
15 | 6.7 | |||||
18 | 23.5 | |||||
青藏高原 干旱区 | 分级草地和草原收集的沙质土壤 | 无植被覆盖,地面0—10 cm,完全粉碎用于模拟动物践踏 | 8 | 0.00900 | Wang等[ | |
10 | 0.04890 | |||||
12 | 0.13632 | |||||
14 | 0.26226 | |||||
16 | 0.50638 | |||||
18 | 0.68154 | |||||
20 | 1.26318 | |||||
22 | 2.12892 | |||||
北京市延庆区 | 土壤密度1.2 g·cm-3,含水比例2.32% | 地表裸露,有少量结皮,高度0-30 cm | 8 | 0.00026 | 吴姗姗等[ | |
12 | 0.00184 | |||||
16 | 0.00824 | |||||
20 | 0.06655 | |||||
24 | 0.13435 | |||||
黑龙江省克山县厚层黑土区 | 有机质含量最高可达15%,孔隙度可达69.7%,黑土区土壤侵蚀严重 | 集沙高度为60 cm,无覆盖 | 9 | 0.00605 | 王一菲等[ | |
12 | 0.02450 | |||||
15 | 0.16127 |
表1 农田土壤风蚀起沙部分风洞试验的研究进展
Table 1 Progress of wind tunnel experiment on farmland soil wind erosion
地区 | 地表状况 | 实验处理 | 风速 /(m?s-1) | 输沙量 /g | 输沙率 /(g?cm-2?min-1) | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
中国西北半干旱区青海省贵南县 | 草原植被,板栗土壤,含36%的砂粒、53%的粉粒和11%的黏粒 | 最大土块直径1.0 cm | 15 | 0.098 | Zhang等[ | |
最大土块直径增加至5.0 cm | 15 | 0.0046 | ||||
内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗头支箭乡小河套村 | 原状栗钙土 | 自然风干处理,无残茬 | 8 | 0.000135 | 杨秀春等[ | |
10 | 0.000354 | |||||
15 | 0.004352 | |||||
20 | 0.008811 | |||||
24 | 0.021420 | |||||
内蒙古自治区武川县旱作农业区 | 砂质栗钙土,砂粒含量67%、粉粒含量31.5%、黏粒含量1.5% | 茬高20 cm,平均植被覆盖率55%,带宽3 m,距地表0.6 m处 | 5 | 0.023 | 赵彦军等[ | |
6 | 0.051 | |||||
9 | 0.063 | |||||
12 | 0.081 | |||||
15 | 0.117 | |||||
内蒙古自治区武川县干旱区 | 栗钙土,多孔隙,沙性,有机质含量低 | 带宽8 m,距风洞出口120 cm,收集高度0—70 cm | 6 | 12.2 | 韩亚雄[ | |
9 | 15.0 | |||||
12 | 12.5 | |||||
15 | 6.7 | |||||
18 | 23.5 | |||||
青藏高原 干旱区 | 分级草地和草原收集的沙质土壤 | 无植被覆盖,地面0—10 cm,完全粉碎用于模拟动物践踏 | 8 | 0.00900 | Wang等[ | |
10 | 0.04890 | |||||
12 | 0.13632 | |||||
14 | 0.26226 | |||||
16 | 0.50638 | |||||
18 | 0.68154 | |||||
20 | 1.26318 | |||||
22 | 2.12892 | |||||
北京市延庆区 | 土壤密度1.2 g·cm-3,含水比例2.32% | 地表裸露,有少量结皮,高度0-30 cm | 8 | 0.00026 | 吴姗姗等[ | |
12 | 0.00184 | |||||
16 | 0.00824 | |||||
20 | 0.06655 | |||||
24 | 0.13435 | |||||
黑龙江省克山县厚层黑土区 | 有机质含量最高可达15%,孔隙度可达69.7%,黑土区土壤侵蚀严重 | 集沙高度为60 cm,无覆盖 | 9 | 0.00605 | 王一菲等[ | |
12 | 0.02450 | |||||
15 | 0.16127 |
区域 | 时间 | 起沙通量 | 临界起沙摩阻速度 /风速/(m·s-1) | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿拉贡中部旱地农田 | 1995年夏 | 1.45—11.66 μg·m-2·s-1 | 临界起沙摩阻速度:0.37—0.72 | Lopez等[ |
东北农田 | 2001年和2013年 | 3.45—27.58 μg·s-1(2001年) 0.79—6.33 μg·s-1(2013年) | 临界起沙摩阻速度:0.09—0.71 | 周勤迁[ |
河北农田 | 2005—2011年 | 平地:0—6 kg·m-2·h-1 留茬5 cm:0—3 kg·m-2·h-1 留茬10 cm:0—0.9 kg·m-2·h-1 | 风速:5—17 | Zhang等[ |
河北农田 | 2012年10月至 2013年5月 | 翻耕耙平地:26.75—59.61 t·hm-2 莜麦留茬地:10.73—21.33 t·hm-2 | 风速:5.5—17.5 | 王仁德等[ |
全球农田 | 2012年 | 1.40×109 μg·s-1 | 曹馨元[ | |
东北农田 | 2016年和2017年 | 耕作,无植被覆盖:181.7—86 582.9 t·hm-2·a-1 免耕,有植被覆盖:9.89 t·hm-2·a-1 | 2 m高度风速:2—8 | 李胜龙等[ |
表2 农田土壤风蚀起沙参数化的部分研究进展
Table 2 Progress of parameterization of farmland soil wind erosion
区域 | 时间 | 起沙通量 | 临界起沙摩阻速度 /风速/(m·s-1) | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿拉贡中部旱地农田 | 1995年夏 | 1.45—11.66 μg·m-2·s-1 | 临界起沙摩阻速度:0.37—0.72 | Lopez等[ |
东北农田 | 2001年和2013年 | 3.45—27.58 μg·s-1(2001年) 0.79—6.33 μg·s-1(2013年) | 临界起沙摩阻速度:0.09—0.71 | 周勤迁[ |
河北农田 | 2005—2011年 | 平地:0—6 kg·m-2·h-1 留茬5 cm:0—3 kg·m-2·h-1 留茬10 cm:0—0.9 kg·m-2·h-1 | 风速:5—17 | Zhang等[ |
河北农田 | 2012年10月至 2013年5月 | 翻耕耙平地:26.75—59.61 t·hm-2 莜麦留茬地:10.73—21.33 t·hm-2 | 风速:5.5—17.5 | 王仁德等[ |
全球农田 | 2012年 | 1.40×109 μg·s-1 | 曹馨元[ | |
东北农田 | 2016年和2017年 | 耕作,无植被覆盖:181.7—86 582.9 t·hm-2·a-1 免耕,有植被覆盖:9.89 t·hm-2·a-1 | 2 m高度风速:2—8 | 李胜龙等[ |
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