中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 162-174.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00351
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-11-23
修回日期:2025-12-25
出版日期:2026-01-20
发布日期:2026-03-09
作者简介:庄艳丽(1981—),女,甘肃会宁人,副研究员,主要从事干旱区生态水文学研究。E-mail: zhuangyl@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
Yanli Zhuang1(
), Wenzhi Zhao1, Kaiyu Liu1,2
Received:2025-11-23
Revised:2025-12-25
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-03-09
摘要:
凝结水作为由气-界面相变形成的隐匿性水源,在干旱生态系统中具有不可替代的水文补偿效应。本文基于中国生态系统研究网络临泽站的长期定位观测,系统梳理了临泽荒漠区凝结水形成机制及其生态水文效应,重点围绕以下两方面展开:(1)沙质生境和砾质生境土壤凝结水的形成机制与水量贡献,解析其发生规律及关键影响因素。(2)凝结水对荒漠植物生长的作用机制,包括对植物种子萌发调控效应及其在叶片水分利用与光合产物积累中的功能。未来应着力构建长期立体化监测网络,深化凝结水在生态系统碳-水-养分循环中的综合作用研究,并揭示气候变化背景下凝结水与生态系统的耦合响应关系,从而为干旱区生态恢复和水资源可持续管理提供科学依据。
中图分类号:
庄艳丽, 赵文智, 刘楷愈. 荒漠凝结水形成过程及其生态水文效应研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 162-174.
Yanli Zhuang, Wenzhi Zhao, Kaiyu Liu. A review of dew formation and its ecohydrological effects in arid zone[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 162-174.
| 观测方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 野外实测 | 人造凝结面 | 操作简单、成本较低。便于在不同位置间比较凝结量,减少下垫面异质性对监测结果的干扰 | 结果受冷凝板材质的影响显著。人造凝结面与自然下垫面的热力学性质差异,导致凝结量的高估或低估 |
| 叶片湿度传感器 | 能够连续监测凝结水持续时间 | 定期维护,且难以在无传感器部署的区域推广使用 | |
| 遥感技术 | 能实现大范围、非破坏性长期监测 | 易受环境因子影响,对遥感数据敏感性要求高,整体精度有限 | |
| Hiltner露水平衡仪 | 连续称重测量凝结量 | 测量精度有限,易受天气条件影响,适用于潜在凝结量估算 | |
| 蒸渗仪 | 具有较高的灵敏度和精度 | 成本较高,对埋藏深度有严格要求 | |
| 模型估算 | PM公式法 | 结合空气动力学、辐射项与作物生理特性,无需表面温度变量 | 模型假设较为理想化,与实际自然环境存在一定差异 |
| 涡度相关法 | 可直接获取长期连续的水汽通量数据 | 设备价格昂贵,仅适用于原位观测,存在能量不闭合问题,可能导致凝结量被低估 | |
| 人工智能模型 | 能够有效模拟凝结量与多影响因子间的非线性复杂关系 | 对高质量、多场景的凝结水观测数据依赖度高,且在极端或未训练过的复杂环境中模拟结果的稳定性与可靠性易受影响 | |
| 回归方程 | 能够量化凝结量、持续时间与气象参数之间的相关性强弱 | 缺乏对凝结水形成过程物理机制的阐述 | |
| Beysens模型 | 参数易获取,可估算区域凝结量 | 所需气象数据与实际数据间可能存在海拔差异,使用人造表面模拟,与自然植被条件下凝结水形成过程存在差异,仅能粗略估算潜在凝结量 | |
| 阈值模型 | 仅需基本气象数据 | 需根据地理位置、气候条件和植物种类进行校核和验证 | |
表1 凝结水主要观测方法及其优缺点
Table 1 The current methods measuring dew and their advantages and disadvantages
| 观测方法 | 优点 | 缺点 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 野外实测 | 人造凝结面 | 操作简单、成本较低。便于在不同位置间比较凝结量,减少下垫面异质性对监测结果的干扰 | 结果受冷凝板材质的影响显著。人造凝结面与自然下垫面的热力学性质差异,导致凝结量的高估或低估 |
| 叶片湿度传感器 | 能够连续监测凝结水持续时间 | 定期维护,且难以在无传感器部署的区域推广使用 | |
| 遥感技术 | 能实现大范围、非破坏性长期监测 | 易受环境因子影响,对遥感数据敏感性要求高,整体精度有限 | |
| Hiltner露水平衡仪 | 连续称重测量凝结量 | 测量精度有限,易受天气条件影响,适用于潜在凝结量估算 | |
| 蒸渗仪 | 具有较高的灵敏度和精度 | 成本较高,对埋藏深度有严格要求 | |
| 模型估算 | PM公式法 | 结合空气动力学、辐射项与作物生理特性,无需表面温度变量 | 模型假设较为理想化,与实际自然环境存在一定差异 |
| 涡度相关法 | 可直接获取长期连续的水汽通量数据 | 设备价格昂贵,仅适用于原位观测,存在能量不闭合问题,可能导致凝结量被低估 | |
| 人工智能模型 | 能够有效模拟凝结量与多影响因子间的非线性复杂关系 | 对高质量、多场景的凝结水观测数据依赖度高,且在极端或未训练过的复杂环境中模拟结果的稳定性与可靠性易受影响 | |
| 回归方程 | 能够量化凝结量、持续时间与气象参数之间的相关性强弱 | 缺乏对凝结水形成过程物理机制的阐述 | |
| Beysens模型 | 参数易获取,可估算区域凝结量 | 所需气象数据与实际数据间可能存在海拔差异,使用人造表面模拟,与自然植被条件下凝结水形成过程存在差异,仅能粗略估算潜在凝结量 | |
| 阈值模型 | 仅需基本气象数据 | 需根据地理位置、气候条件和植物种类进行校核和验证 | |
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