绿洲湿地水文连通性对水文-植被-土壤系统稳定性的影响机制

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绿洲湿地水文-植被-土壤耦合系统不仅是湿地科学领域的研究热点，也是维系干旱区生态安全与碳汇功能的关键单元。然而，现有研究多关注单一要素对水分变化的响应，缺乏对水文连通性驱动下多因素互馈机制及系统稳定性级联效应的系统整合。本文从系统耦合视角综述了水文连通性影响下绿洲湿地关键生态过程的最新进展，总结梳理了驱动-响应-反馈的互馈路径与稳定性评估方法。水文连通性变化驱动下的4个耦合过程与机制包括：（1）水文连通性（横向、纵向及垂向）对水分收支、盐分运移的调控机制。（2）植被群落对水文梯度的适应性演替及其通过形态与群落结构对水文过程的非线性反馈。（3）水分-盐分-氧化还原环境驱动下的土壤碳、氮循环过程。（4）沿水文-植被-土壤链条传递的级联效应与系统稳定性退化机制。同时，针对绿洲湿地稳定性的评估与维持，系统归纳了稳定性关键阈值识别、多过程耦合模拟及标准化评价体系构建等方面存在的局限。为应对水文连通性受损的生态风险，未来研究应加强长期定位观测与多源数据融合，构建考虑非线性阈值的多尺度耦合模型，完善基于DPSIR-TOPSIS的稳定性预警体系，期望为绿洲湿地碳汇功能提升与受损湿地修复提供理论依据。

关键词: 水文连通性, 植被动态, 土壤碳氮循环, 水文过程, 稳定性

Abstract:

The coupled hydrology-vegetation-soil system of oasis wetlands is a research hotspot in wetland science and a critical unit for maintaining ecological security and carbon sequestration in arid regions. However， existing studies have mostly focused on the response of individual elements to water variations， lacking a systematic integration of multi-factor feedback mechanisms and cascading effects on system stability driven by hydrological connectivity. From a system-coupling perspective， this paper reviews the latest progress in key ecological processes of oasis wetlands under the influence of hydrological connectivity and synthesizes the driver-response-feedback pathways and stability assessment methodologies. Four coupled processes and mechanisms driven by changes in hydrological connectivity are identified：（1） the regulatory mechanisms of horizontal， longitudinal， and vertical connectivity on water budgets and salt transport；（2） the adaptive succession of vegetation communities along hydrological gradients and their nonlinear feedback on hydrological processes through morphological and community structural changes；（3） soil carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） cycling processes driven by hydro-saline-redox environments； and （4） the cascading effects and system stability degradation mechanisms transmitted along the hydrology-vegetation-soil chain. Furthermore， regarding the assessment and maintenance of oasis wetland stability， the limitations in critical threshold identification， multi-process coupling simulation， and the construction of standardized evaluation systems are systematically summarized. To address the ecological risks posed by impaired hydrological connectivity， future research should emphasize long-term site observations and multi-source data fusion， develop multi-scale coupling models that incorporate nonlinear thresholds， and refine the stability early-warning system based on the DPSIR-TOPSIS framework， providing a theoretical basis for enhancing carbon sink functions and restoring degraded oasis wetlands.

Key words: hydrological connectivity, vegetation dynamics, soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, hydrological processes, stability

中图分类号:

李玟, 刘冰, 王宵, 王彬, 杨昌昆, 孙玮皓. 绿洲湿地水文连通性对水文-植被-土壤系统稳定性的影响机制[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 282-290.

Wen Li, Bing Liu, Xiao Wang, Bin Wang, Changkun Yang, Weihao Sun. Mechanism of hydrological connectivity impacts on the stability of hydrology-vegetation-soil systems in oasis wetlands[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 282-290.

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