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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 54-65.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00158

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塔克拉玛干沙漠中东部复合纵向沙垄地貌格局及其成因

潘凯佳1,2(), 张正偲3(), 钱广强1   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院/钱学森沙产业陕西省高等学校重点实验室,陕西 西安 710119
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 张正偲
  • 作者简介:潘凯佳(1998—),女,山西大同人,博士研究生,主要从事风沙地貌研究。E-mail: pankaijia10@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0301);国家自然科学基金项目(42241110);中央高校基本业务经费(GK202502004);中央高校基本业务经费(GK202306002);中央高校基本业务经费(GK202309006)

Geomorphic pattern and genesis of compound longitudinal dunes in the central-eastern Taklamakan Desert

Kaijia Pan1,2(), Zhengcai Zhang3(), Guangqiang Qian1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.School of Geography and Tourism / Key Laboratory of Qian Xuesen Deserticulture of Shaanxi Higher Education Institute,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-10-24 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Zhengcai Zhang

摘要:

塔克拉玛干沙漠是中国最大的沙漠,也是世界第二大流动沙漠,沙丘类型丰富多样。其中,中东部地区广泛发育典型复合纵向沙垄,且呈现明显空间分异特征,而目前关于复合纵向沙垄形态特征及其形成机制仍缺乏系统深入研究。本研究通过提取研究区内18.6万km2复合纵向沙垄脊线长度、间距、缺陷密度等关键形态参数,系统解析其宏观地貌格局。结果表明:塔克拉玛干沙漠东部复合纵向沙垄呈脊线短、间距宽、高度大、缺陷密度低的格局;中部则对应脊线长、间距窄、高度小、缺陷密度低的特征。中东部复合纵向沙垄地貌格局主要受风况和沙源共同影响,但二者权重因参数而异。脊线长度主要受RDP与至河流距离交互控制(q=0.42),RDP与风向交互作用(q=0.27)对间距影响最大,脊线高度变异由DPEST交互主导(q=0.60),脊线走向取决于DP与风向协同(q=0.54),脊线缺陷密度依赖于DPEST耦合(q=0.20)。本研究从宏观格局层面深化了对复合纵向沙垄形态与过程耦合机制的认识,丰富了风沙地貌研究范畴,补充了复合纵向沙垄形成与演化研究内容,为风沙灾害防治和地貌区划提供参考依据。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 复合纵向沙垄, 地貌格局, 输沙势, 沙源

Abstract:

The Taklamakan Desert is the largest desert in China and the second largest mobile desert globally, boasts diverse dune types. Typical compound longitudinal dunes are widely developed in its central-eastern region, exhibiting distinct spatial differentiation. However, systematic and in-depth studies on the morphological characteristics and formation mechanisms of these dunes remain insufficient. The key morphological parameters (e.g., crestline length, spacing, and defect density) of compound longitudinal dunes covering 186 000 km² in the study area were extracted to systematically analyze their macro-geomorphic pattern. Results show that compound longitudinal dunes in the eastern Taklamakan Desert present a pattern of short crestline, wide spacing, high height, and low defect density, while those in the central region feature long crestline, narrow spacing, low height, and low defect density. The geomorphic patterns of compound longitudinal dunes in the central-eastern region are mainly influenced by wind regime and sand source, with their weights varying by parameter. Crestline length is primarily controlled by the interaction between resultant drift potential (RDP) and distance to rivers (q=0.42); the interaction between RDP and wind direction (q=0.27) exerts the greatest impact on spacing; height variation is dominated by the interaction between drift potential (DP) and sediment thickness (q=0.60); crestline orientation depends on the DP and wind direction (q=0.54); and defect density relies on DP and ESTq=0.20). This study deepens the understanding of the coupling mechanism between the morphology and process of compound longitudinal dunes at the macro-pattern level, enriches the research scope of aeolian geomorphology, supplements the research on the formation and evolution of compound longitudinal dunes, and provides a reference for aeolian disaster prevention and geomorphic regionalization.

Key words: Taklamakan Desert, compound longitudinal dunes, dune landform pattern, sediment potential, sand sources

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