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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 66-76.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00176

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河西走廊3种杨树( Populus spp.)防护林气体交换特性对环境因子的响应

薛浩1(), 杨杰1, 杨淇越2(), 王玉哲1, 鲁延芳3, 屈鹏4   

  1. 1.福建农林大学 林学院,福建 福州 350002
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室/临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.张掖市林业科学研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    4.甘肃省基础地理信息中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 杨淇越
  • 作者简介:薛浩(2001—),男,甘肃礼县人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区生态水文方面的研究。E-mail: 13693595403@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52172300);甘肃省陇原青年英才项目;甘肃省自然资源厅科技创新项目(202408)

Response of gas exchange characteristics to environmental factors in three Populus shelterbelts of the Hexi Corridor

Hao Xue1(), Jie Yang1, Qiyue Yang2(), Yuzhe Wang1, Yanfang Lu3, Peng Qu4   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Zhangye Forestry Research Institute,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
    4.Geomatics Center of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Qiyue Yang

摘要:

探究不同杨树(Populus spp.)的气体交换特性及其对多情景环境的响应差异,有利于促进对防护林环境适应策略的理解,对维护干旱区绿洲生态系统的可持续发展具有重要生态意义。本研究利用LI-6800F光合-荧光全自动测量系统对3种典型杨树——胡杨(Populuseuphratica)、新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)、二白杨(Populus gansuensis)的温度、饱和水汽压差(VPD)和CO2光合响应曲线进行观测,通过模拟增温、增加VPD及升高CO2浓度变化,对比分析多情景模式下净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用效率(WUE)的差异。结果表明:(1)增温显著影响了3种杨树的PnGsTrWUE,随增温幅度增加,3种杨树的PnGsTr均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,WUE均呈现先下降后上升的趋势,整体来看,胡杨具有更高的PnGsTr,新疆杨具有更高的WUE。(2)增加VPD显著降低了3种杨树的Pn,但显著提高了其WUE(新疆杨除外),胡杨和二白杨的GsTrVPD的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势(二白杨Tr为线性下降),整体来看,胡杨具有更高的PnGsTr,但WUE明显小于另外2种杨树。(3)CO2浓度升高显著提高了3种杨树PnWUE,而对其GsTr的影响存在差异,其中新疆杨的GsTr及胡杨的Tr随CO2浓度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,二白杨的GsTr及胡杨的Gs随CO2浓度变化不显著。(4)无论是增温还是VPD升高处理下,胡杨均表现出更高的PnGsTr,表明在同一生境中,胡杨对温度和水分的适应能力强于新疆杨和二白杨;当CO2浓度不高于400 µmol·mol-1时,二白杨与胡杨的Pn差异不明显,当CO2浓度高于400 µmol·mol-1时,二白杨的Pn明显更大,表明二白杨对高CO2环境的响应更为敏感。在不同情景模式下,3种杨树的气体交换特性存在明显种间差异。干旱区生存环境严酷,而胡杨在高温、干旱等恶劣环境中表现出较强的生态适应能力,故建议优先将其作为研究区的优势造林树种。

关键词: 杨树防护林, 气体交换, 环境因子, 光合响应曲线, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Exploring how gas-exchange characteristics of different Populus shelterbelts respond to multiple environmental scenarios can deepen our understanding of their environmental adaptation strategies and provide important ecological insights for sustaining oasis ecosystems in arid regions. Using the LI-6800F photosynthesis-fluorescence automatic measurement system, we conducted field experiments to assess photosynthetic response curves of three typical Populus species (P.euphraticaP. alba var. pyramidalis, and P. gansuensis) to changes in temperature, saturation vapor pressure difference (VPD), and CO2. By simulating increased temperature, VPD, and CO2 concentration, we analyzed changes in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and water-use efficiency (WUE) across scenarios. The results showed: (1) Warming significantly affected PnGsTr, and WUE in all three species. With increasing temperature, PnGs, and Tr showed an initial rise followed by a decline, whereas WUE showed the opposite trend. Overall, P.euphratica maintained higher PnGs, and Tr, while P. alba var. pyramidalis demonstrated higher WUE. (2) Increasing VPD significantly reduced Pn but enhanced WUE (except for P.alba var. pyramidalis) in all species. The Gs and Tr of P.euphratica and P. gansuensis first increased and then decreased with rising VPD. Although P.euphratica exhibited higher PnGs, and Tr, its WUE was significantly lower than that of the other two species. (3) Elevated CO2 significantly increased Pn and WUE in all species, but Gs and Tr responded differently: They increased and then declined in P. alba var. pyramidalis and P.euphratica, while changes in P. gansuensis and the Gs of P.euphratica were minimal. (4) Under both warming and elevated VPDP.euphratica showed superior PnGs, and Tr, indicating stronger ecological adaptability to temperature and water stress compared to P. alba var. pyramidalis and P. gansuensis. Under elevated CO₂, there was no significant difference in Pn between P. gansuensis and P.euphratica at CO2 concentrations no higher than 400 µmol·mol-1, whereas P. gansuensis showed higher Pn than P.euphratica at CO2 concentrations above 400 µmol·mol-1, suggesting greater sensitivity to high CO2. Overall, significant interspecific differences were observed in gas exchange responses, with P. euphratica demonstrating the greatest adaptability to extreme arid conditions, supporting its designation as the dominant pioneer species for afforestation in the study region.

Key words: Populus shelterbelts, gas exchange, environmental factors, photosynthetic response curve, water-use efficiency

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