Mechanism and dynamics for succession of artificial Hedysarum scoparium sand-binding forests at the southern edge of Tengger Desert

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00055

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 206-215.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00055

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Mechanism and dynamics for succession of artificial Hedysarum scoparium sand-binding forests at the southern edge of Tengger Desert

Quanlin Ma¹^,²(), Jinchun Zhang¹^,²(), Fang Chen¹, Dekui Zhang¹, Linyuan Wei¹

^1.State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating /, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute，Lanzhou 730070, China
^2.Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute，Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-01-03 Revised:2020-06-29 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-09-01
Contact: Jinchun Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

The succession of sand-binding forest impacts the construction effect of sand fixation forest. With the method of substituting time with space, the artificial sand-binding forests afforested for 5, 15 and 25 years at the southern edge of Tengger Desert were selected as a success stage series, and the adjacent mobile sand dune and native vegetation habitat were took as the reference sites to reveal the ecological mechanism of the succession of artificial sand-binding forests from the aspects of ecological hydrology, soil seed bank and soil-vegetation corresponding relationship, which provided theoretical basis for the construction, protection and restoration of regional artificial sand-binding vegetation. The results showed that during the successional process of artificial sand-binding forest of Hedysarum scoparium in the southern edge of Tengger Desert, the artificial population of H. scoparium, pioneer plants Agriophyllum squarrosum and Artemisia sphaerocephala declined gradually, and the natural dominant species changed from annual herbs to semi shrubs, then to semi shrubs and perennial herbs. After 25 years, a relatively stable near natural sand-binding vegetation similar to the zonal vegetation up to 50% was formed, which showed a trend of grassland desertification succession. During the successional process of artificial sand-binding forest, the topsoil water holding capacity increased continually, reaching 3.4 times of that of the mobile sand dunes after 25 years, which resulted in the shallow distribution of soil moisture and the drought of the deep soil, driving the decline of the deep root plants and the development of the shallow root herbs. A. squarrosum and A. sphaerocephala in the soil seed bank decreased rapidly and disappeared after 25 years; A. ordosica continued to increase and Stipa breviflora appeared after 25 years, which was more than 50% similar to the aboveground vegetation composition, driving the artificial sand-binding forest to A. ordosica vegetation with perennial herbs. With the succession of artificial sand-binding forest, soil bulk density continued to decrease, clay, silt, organic matter and total nitrogen continued to increase, which was closely related to the community and species composition of artificial sand-binding forest, and determined the succession stage and species composition of sand-binding forest. Obviously, sand fixation and afforestation is a necessary measure for ecological restoration of the desertified land in arid areas, which starts and accelerates the restoration and succession of natural vegetation. However, the zonal vegetation and soil habitat conditions should be fully considered in sand fixation and afforestation, so as to establish stable near natural vegetation quickly.

Key words: Hedysarum scoparium, sand-binding forest, soil water content, soil seed bank, Tengger Desert

CLC Number:

Q948.15

Quanlin Ma, Jinchun Zhang, Fang Chen, Dekui Zhang, Linyuan Wei. Mechanism and dynamics for succession of artificial Hedysarum scoparium sand-binding forests at the southern edge of Tengger Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(4): 206-215.

Figures/Tables 9

References 27

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植被特征	流动沙丘MS	5年	15年	25年	地带性植被NV
物种数	3	9	10	10	15
优势物种及其重要值	沙米49.33、沙蒿40.67	花棒27.00、油蒿19.0、沙蒿13.33、沙米13.33	油蒿36.67、禾草47.67	油蒿40.33、刺蓬26.27、禾草19.33	银灰旋花38.33、短花针茅20.67
植被总盖度/%	6.14±1.50^c	18.11±2.44^b	40.23±2.47^a	36.44±1.86^a	35.48±2.24^a
草本盖度/%	1.26±0.34^c	5.22±1.55^bc	8.02±1.27^b	8.96±1.85^b	29.86±2.05^a
灌木盖度/%	4.89±1.51^c	14.40±2.24^b	32.57±2.38^a	29.90±2.04^a	7.73±2.11^c
地上生物量/(kg·hm^-2)	91.9±78.7^c	2095.0±668.9^b	3790.4±645.3^a	2305.2±275.6^b	1484.4±426.5^b
地下生物量/(kg·hm^-2)	401.9±315.0^b	1667.8±804.7^a	1944.0±602.4^a	1720.0±299.8^a	1711.3±417.4^a
物种多样性指数（Shannon-wiener）	0.40±0.05^c	0.85±0.06^b	0.42±0.04^c	0.82±0.06^b	1.17±0.06^a
与地带性植被的相似性	0.00	0.20	0.28	0.50	1

植被特征	流动沙丘MS	5年	15年	25年	地带性植被NV
物种数	3	9	10	10	15
优势物种及其重要值	沙米49.33、沙蒿40.67	花棒27.00、油蒿19.0、沙蒿13.33、沙米13.33	油蒿36.67、禾草47.67	油蒿40.33、刺蓬26.27、禾草19.33	银灰旋花38.33、短花针茅20.67
植被总盖度/%	6.14±1.50^c	18.11±2.44^b	40.23±2.47^a	36.44±1.86^a	35.48±2.24^a
草本盖度/%	1.26±0.34^c	5.22±1.55^bc	8.02±1.27^b	8.96±1.85^b	29.86±2.05^a
灌木盖度/%	4.89±1.51^c	14.40±2.24^b	32.57±2.38^a	29.90±2.04^a	7.73±2.11^c
地上生物量/(kg·hm^-2)	91.9±78.7^c	2095.0±668.9^b	3790.4±645.3^a	2305.2±275.6^b	1484.4±426.5^b
地下生物量/(kg·hm^-2)	401.9±315.0^b	1667.8±804.7^a	1944.0±602.4^a	1720.0±299.8^a	1711.3±417.4^a
物种多样性指数（Shannon-wiener）	0.40±0.05^c	0.85±0.06^b	0.42±0.04^c	0.82±0.06^b	1.17±0.06^a
与地带性植被的相似性	0.00	0.20	0.28	0.50	1

剖面深度/cm	样地	平均值	标准误	变异系数/%	最小值	最大值	偏度	峰度	分布类型
0~20	流动沙丘MS	1.77^de	0.05	20.7	0.700	2.45	-0.68	0.40	正态
	5年	1.52^f	0.05	24.8	0.54	2.28	-0.40	-0.32	正态
	15年	1.05^g	0.05	33.7	0.37	2.04	0.48	-0.23	正态
	25年	1.21^g	0.03	19.4	0.9	1.89	1.14	1.12	对数正态
	地带性植被NV	3.38^b	0.09	19.2	2.26	5.22	1.04	1.38	对数正态
20~40	流动沙丘MS	3.01^b	0.10	23.5	1.1	4.44	-0.34	-0.08	正态
	5年	2.11^c	0.10	33.1	0.9	4.11	0.43	-0.19	正态
	15年	1.48^f	0.07	32.9	0.76	2.65	0.25	-0.93	正态
	25年	1.54^f	0.04	18.2	1.16	2.13	0.55	-0.75	正态
	地带性植被NV	5.68^a	0.07	9.5	4.29	6.94	0.02	1.29	对数正态
40~60	流动沙丘MS	2.97^b	0.11	26.0	1.3	4.71	0.16	-0.44	正态
	5年	1.87^d	0.08	28.6	1.05	3.19	0.43	-0.47	正态
	15年	1.43^f	0.07	33.3	0.67	2.69	0.61	0.2	正态
	25年	1.59^ef	0.05	21.9	1.03	2.58	0.8	0.63	正态
	地带性植被NV	5.59^a	0.08	8.2	3.38	6.48	-1.28	4.80	对数正态

剖面深度/cm	样地	平均值	标准误	变异系数/%	最小值	最大值	偏度	峰度	分布类型
0~20	流动沙丘MS	1.77^de	0.05	20.7	0.700	2.45	-0.68	0.40	正态
	5年	1.52^f	0.05	24.8	0.54	2.28	-0.40	-0.32	正态
	15年	1.05^g	0.05	33.7	0.37	2.04	0.48	-0.23	正态
	25年	1.21^g	0.03	19.4	0.9	1.89	1.14	1.12	对数正态
	地带性植被NV	3.38^b	0.09	19.2	2.26	5.22	1.04	1.38	对数正态
20~40	流动沙丘MS	3.01^b	0.10	23.5	1.1	4.44	-0.34	-0.08	正态
	5年	2.11^c	0.10	33.1	0.9	4.11	0.43	-0.19	正态
	15年	1.48^f	0.07	32.9	0.76	2.65	0.25	-0.93	正态
	25年	1.54^f	0.04	18.2	1.16	2.13	0.55	-0.75	正态
	地带性植被NV	5.68^a	0.07	9.5	4.29	6.94	0.02	1.29	对数正态
40~60	流动沙丘MS	2.97^b	0.11	26.0	1.3	4.71	0.16	-0.44	正态
	5年	1.87^d	0.08	28.6	1.05	3.19	0.43	-0.47	正态
	15年	1.43^f	0.07	33.3	0.67	2.69	0.61	0.2	正态
	25年	1.59^ef	0.05	21.9	1.03	2.58	0.8	0.63	正态
	地带性植被NV	5.59^a	0.08	8.2	3.38	6.48	-1.28	4.80	对数正态

植物种	科	流动沙丘MS	5年	15年	25年	地带性植被NV
一年生草本
沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）	藜科	56.2±16.2	12.5±6.7	6.3±4.1	—	3.1±3.1
刺蓬（Salsola ruthenica）	藜科	—	—	—	59.4±59.4	50±34.1
盐生草（Halogeton arachnoideus）	藜科	—	—	—	—	6.3±4.1
五星蒿（Bassia dasyphylla）	藜科	—	3.1±3.1	6.3±4.1	—	53.1±29.7
画眉草（Eragrostis poaeoides）	禾本科	3.1±3.1	12.5±8.2	484.4±110.1	21.9±7.4	46.9±21.9
狗尾草（Setaria viridis）	禾本科	6.3±4.1	81.3±64.6	284.4±141.5	9.4±6.6	15.6±9.3
虎尾草（Chloris virgata）	禾本科	—	3.1±3.1	18.8±13.2	—	3.1±3.1
地锦（Euphorbia humifusa）	大戟科				6.3±4.1
黄蒿（Artemisia scoparia）	菊科				9.4±6.6	37.5±15.7
虫实（Corispermum patelliforme）	藜科		12.5±12.5	56.3±29.0	3.1±3.1
多年生草本
短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）	禾本科	—	—	—	6.3±4.1	31.3±7.8
无芒隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）	禾本科	—	—	—	—	131.3±117.3
草木樨（Melilotus Offcinalia）	豆科	—	—	—	—	15.6±9.4
苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides）	豆科	—	—	—	—	3.1±3.1
半灌木
油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）	菊科	—	65.6±36.6	190.6±51.5	221.9±67.7	—
沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）	菊科	75.0±36.2	84.4±48.2

Mechanism and dynamics for succession of artificial Hedysarum scoparium sand-binding forests at the southern edge of Tengger Desert

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土壤性质	第1排序轴	第2排序轴	第3排序轴
土壤容重/(g·cm^-3)	0.7829^**	-0.4433^**	0.1098
沙粒含量/%	-0.0810	0.0395	0.4135^**
粉粒含量/%	-0.5065^**	0.3246^*	0.0729
黏粒含量/%	-0.4867^**	0.3287^*	0.1377
有机质含量/%	-0.7264^**	0.2048	0.0370
全氮含量/%	-0.6064^**	0.0257	0.1659
速效磷含量/(kg·mg^-1）	0.1022	0.4178^**	-0.2637
pH	0.8596^**	0.1885	-0.1018
电导率/(μS·cm^-1)	-0.9062^**	0.1890	0.1075
0~20 cm 土壤水分含量/%	0.7652^**	0.1957	0.0992
20~40 cm 土壤水分含量/%	0.9110^**	0.1997	0.2168
40~60 cm 土壤水分含量/%	0.7695^**	0.2422	0.2196
特征值	0.822	0.295	0.116
物种与环境相关系数	0.979	0.871	0.794
累积解释方差	58.0	78.8	87.0

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