Multi-scale analysis of water system structure changes in the Yellow River Basin

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00118

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 223-234.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00118

Multi-scale analysis of water system structure changes in the Yellow River Basin

Pan Yang(), Wei Liang(), Jianwu Yan, Siya Li, Zhiyang Lan

School of Geography and Tourism，Shaanxi Normal University，Xi’an 710119，China

Received:2021-08-03 Revised:2021-09-18 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-12-17
Contact: Wei Liang

Abstract

Abstract:

Water system of river basin is the basis of supporting the socio-ecological system. Thus， understanding the structural change of water system is essential to reveal the evolution of regional system. To address this， we investigated the changing trends and structural evolutions of water system elements in the whole Yellow River basin and its secondary water resource divisions. Specifically， water system variables from 1998 to 2018， such as precipitation， evaporation， runoff， socio-economic water consumption， were analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test and linear regression， in the perspective of nature-social water system. The results showed that precipitation and evaporation increased at a rate of 4.25 mm·yr^-1 and 4.09 mm·yr^-1 at the whole basin scale， respectively， in which the increase of evaporation was more significant. Runoff showed a significantly positive correlation with precipitation， and presented a decreasing-increasing-sharply decreasing trend during the whole period. The water consumption of social system was characterized by slow growth. In detail， the proportion of consumption in agricultural irrigation decreased at a rate of 0.50% per year， whereas the consumption of urban public， residential and ecological environment increased at the rate of 0.07%， 0.29% and 0.11%， respectively. Based on secondary divisions of water resources， the water system is highly heterogeneous， both spatially and temporally. Functions supported by the water systems have overloaded in Lanzhou-Toudaoguai and Huayuankou-Lijin section. Moreover， all the water system elements had co-evolution trend of different degree. In the humid region， evaporation had obvious lag phenomenon compared with precipitation， but the change trends were the same in the dry region. Water system elements in the Yellow River Basin had an obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Further development of population and economy may aggravate the regional water resources pressure in the future. This study provided an important reference for scientific regulation of water resources and high-quality development of the basin.

Key words: water system structure, water balance, socio-economic water consumption, Yellow River Basin

CLC Number:

P344

Pan Yang, Wei Liang, Jianwu Yan, Siya Li, Zhiyang Lan. Multi-scale analysis of water system structure changes in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(6): 223-234.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Location of Yellow River Basin and its Secondary divisions of water resources

Table 1 Data list

数据项	来源	时间/空间分辨率	年份
降水	中国气象科学数据共享网	1 d/1 km	1998—2018
蒸散发（GLEAM）	荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学、根特大学	1 a/0.25°	1998—2018
径流	黄河水利委员会	1 a	1998—2018
社会经济耗水	黄河水利委员会	1 a	1998—2018
人口	国家地球系统科学数据共享服务平台以及各省、市统计年鉴	1 a	2003—2018
GDP	国家地球系统科学数据共享服务平台以及各省、市统计年鉴	1 a	2003—2018
灌溉面积	国家地球系统科学数据共享服务平台以及各省、市统计年鉴	1 a	2003—2018
GRACE水储量	德国地学中心	1月/0.5°	2003—2017

Fig.2 The change of water resources and spatial distribution of terrestrial water storage based on GRACE during 2003-2016 in the Yellow River Basin

Fig.3 Changes of the precipitation， evapotranspiration， runoff and socio-economic water consumption in the Yellow River Basin and the M-K trend test result from 1998 to 2018

Fig.4 Changes in socio-economic water consumption components from 2003 to 2018 in the Yellow River Basin

Fig.5 Changes in yearly reservoirs water storage in the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2018

Fig.6 Spatial distribution and trend of precipitation and evaporation in the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2018

Fig.7 Time series of water cycle components in different regions of the Yellow River Basin

Fig.8 Average water consumption in various districts of the Yellow River Basin and changes in the ratio of water system structure

Table 2 Average value of water system components in each district of the Yellow River Basin from 1998 to 2018

要素	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ
降水量/mm	515.06	447.55	280.99	477.24	539.99	620.65	678.05	314.36
蒸散发量/mm	415.24	438.59	229.41	379.72	475.98	556.48	576.53	251.32
径流量/亿m³	192.75	86.38	-113.56	22.39	36.98	29.17	-100.39	0.00
耗水量/亿m³	1.67	25.26	123.56	13.78	78.06	27.54	119.10	3.26
水库蓄变量/亿m³	7.73	0.81	0.08	0.19	0.35	3.64	0.10	0.00

Fig.9 The evolution of water consumption structure in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2018 and the development trend of population， GDP， and irrigation area

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Multi-scale analysis of water system structure changes in the Yellow River Basin

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