Journal of Desert Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 139-154.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00033
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Hongyu Li1,2(), Qiang Zhang2, Ping Yue2, Jian Zeng3(
), Xiaonan Guo1
Received:
2023-01-11
Revised:
2023-04-12
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-09-27
Contact:
Jian Zeng
CLC Number:
Hongyu Li, Qiang Zhang, Ping Yue, Jian Zeng, Xiaonan Guo. Response of surface evapotranspiration to the East Asian summer monsoon over the summer monsoon transition zone of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(5): 139-154.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00033
数据类型 | 名称 | 蒸散发方案/陆面模型 | 空间分辨率 | 时间分辨率 | 时间长度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
再分析资料 | NCEP/DOE | OSU LSM | T62 (200 km) | 6 h | 1979—2021年 |
JRA-55 | SiB | 0.5°×0.5° | 3 h | 1958—2021年 | |
ERA5 | HTESSEL | 0.25°×0.25° | 1 h | 1959—2021年 | |
MERRA2 | Catchment LSM | 0.5°×0.625° | 1 h | 1980—2021年 | |
离线陆面模式数据集 | GLDAS2.0_NOAH | NOAH | 1°×1° | 3 h | 1958—2014年 |
蒸散发遥感产品 | GLEAMv3.6a | 改进的Priestley-Taylor方程 | 0.25°×0.25° | 1 month | 1980—2021年 |
陆面观测 | 中国北方陆面过程观测 | 涡动相关方法 | 14个站点 | 30 min | 详见 |
Table 1 Introduction of data used in the study
数据类型 | 名称 | 蒸散发方案/陆面模型 | 空间分辨率 | 时间分辨率 | 时间长度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
再分析资料 | NCEP/DOE | OSU LSM | T62 (200 km) | 6 h | 1979—2021年 |
JRA-55 | SiB | 0.5°×0.5° | 3 h | 1958—2021年 | |
ERA5 | HTESSEL | 0.25°×0.25° | 1 h | 1959—2021年 | |
MERRA2 | Catchment LSM | 0.5°×0.625° | 1 h | 1980—2021年 | |
离线陆面模式数据集 | GLDAS2.0_NOAH | NOAH | 1°×1° | 3 h | 1958—2014年 |
蒸散发遥感产品 | GLEAMv3.6a | 改进的Priestley-Taylor方程 | 0.25°×0.25° | 1 month | 1980—2021年 |
陆面观测 | 中国北方陆面过程观测 | 涡动相关方法 | 14个站点 | 30 min | 详见 |
站点名称 | 纬度 | 经度 | 下垫面类型 | 观测时段 |
---|---|---|---|---|
沙坡头 | 37.45°N | 104.95°E | 荒漠 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
张掖 | 38.86°N | 100.41°E | 裸地 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
长武 | 35.20°N | 107.67°E | 农田 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
锦州 | 41.15°N | 121.20°E | 农田(玉米) | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
密云 | 40.63°N | 117.32°E | 农田/果林 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
平凉 | 35.53°N | 106.94°E | 农田 | 2009年7月至2010年12月 |
庆阳 | 35.66°N | 107.84°E | 农田(小麦) | 2009年5月至2010年12月 |
馆陶 | 36.52°N | 115.13°E | 农田 | 2009年6—9月 |
阿柔 | 38.04°N | 100.46°E | 亚高山草甸 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
东苏 | 44.09°N | 113.57°E | 荒漠化草原 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
奈曼 | 42.93°N | 120.70°E | 荒漠化草原 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
通榆 | 44.88°N | 122.88°E | 退化草原 | 2003年1月至2008年12月 |
榆中 | 35.95°N | 104.13°E | 草原 | 2007年1月至2012年12月 |
锡林格勒 | 44.13°N | 116.32°E | 草原 | 2004年1月至2008年12月 |
Table 2 Basic information on selected observation sites
站点名称 | 纬度 | 经度 | 下垫面类型 | 观测时段 |
---|---|---|---|---|
沙坡头 | 37.45°N | 104.95°E | 荒漠 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
张掖 | 38.86°N | 100.41°E | 裸地 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
长武 | 35.20°N | 107.67°E | 农田 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
锦州 | 41.15°N | 121.20°E | 农田(玉米) | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
密云 | 40.63°N | 117.32°E | 农田/果林 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
平凉 | 35.53°N | 106.94°E | 农田 | 2009年7月至2010年12月 |
庆阳 | 35.66°N | 107.84°E | 农田(小麦) | 2009年5月至2010年12月 |
馆陶 | 36.52°N | 115.13°E | 农田 | 2009年6—9月 |
阿柔 | 38.04°N | 100.46°E | 亚高山草甸 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
东苏 | 44.09°N | 113.57°E | 荒漠化草原 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
奈曼 | 42.93°N | 120.70°E | 荒漠化草原 | 2008年7—9月;2009年7—9月 |
通榆 | 44.88°N | 122.88°E | 退化草原 | 2003年1月至2008年12月 |
榆中 | 35.95°N | 104.13°E | 草原 | 2007年1月至2012年12月 |
锡林格勒 | 44.13°N | 116.32°E | 草原 | 2004年1月至2008年12月 |
下垫面 | 统计指标 | 资料集 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCEP/DOE | JRA-55 | ERA5 | MERRA2 | NOAH | GLEAM | MME | ||
草地 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 21.69 | 16.63 | 15.01 | 13.60 | 18.71 | 14.29 | 12.97 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 12.34 | 6.88 | -1.23 | -2.79 | -1.32 | -4.94 | 1.49 | |
R | 0.805 | 0.857 | 0.851 | 0.871 | 0.779 | 0.876 | 0.879 | |
农田 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 23.42 | 21.96 | 18.90 | 21.48 | 18.43 | 24.19 | 17.61 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 0.45 | 1.40 | 3.98 | -5.35 | -3.29 | -14.97 | -2.96 | |
R | 0.726 | 0.765 | 0.839 | 0.794 | 0.856 | 0.847 | 0.868 | |
所有站点 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 22.01 | 17.63 | 16.62 | 15.15 | 18.46 | 16.35 | 13.89 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 10.39 | 5.89 | 0.26 | -3.18 | -1.57 | -6.57 | 0.87 | |
R | 0.791 | 0.848 | 0.855 | 0.874 | 0.824 | 0.885 | 0.890 |
Table 3 Error statistics of seven gridded ET dataset
下垫面 | 统计指标 | 资料集 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCEP/DOE | JRA-55 | ERA5 | MERRA2 | NOAH | GLEAM | MME | ||
草地 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 21.69 | 16.63 | 15.01 | 13.60 | 18.71 | 14.29 | 12.97 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 12.34 | 6.88 | -1.23 | -2.79 | -1.32 | -4.94 | 1.49 | |
R | 0.805 | 0.857 | 0.851 | 0.871 | 0.779 | 0.876 | 0.879 | |
农田 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 23.42 | 21.96 | 18.90 | 21.48 | 18.43 | 24.19 | 17.61 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 0.45 | 1.40 | 3.98 | -5.35 | -3.29 | -14.97 | -2.96 | |
R | 0.726 | 0.765 | 0.839 | 0.794 | 0.856 | 0.847 | 0.868 | |
所有站点 | RMSE/(mm·month-1) | 22.01 | 17.63 | 16.62 | 15.15 | 18.46 | 16.35 | 13.89 |
Bias/(mm·month-1) | 10.39 | 5.89 | 0.26 | -3.18 | -1.57 | -6.57 | 0.87 | |
R | 0.791 | 0.848 | 0.855 | 0.874 | 0.824 | 0.885 | 0.890 |
JRA-55 | ERA5 | MERRA2 | NOAH | GLEAM | MME | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCEP/DOE | 0.719 | 0.676 | 0.869 | 0.549 | 0.617 | 0.889 |
JRA-55 | 0.77 | 0.688 | 0.747 | 0.835 | 0.900 | |
ERA5 | 0.513 | 0.68 | 0.587 | 0.788 | ||
MERRA2 | 0.563 | 0.731 | 0.885 | |||
NOAH | 0.749 | 0.814 | ||||
GLEAM | 0.859 |
Table 4 Coefficients of correlation between the gridded datasets for interannual variations in ET averaged over the summer monsoon transition zone (The five highest values in the first five columns are marked in bold)
JRA-55 | ERA5 | MERRA2 | NOAH | GLEAM | MME | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCEP/DOE | 0.719 | 0.676 | 0.869 | 0.549 | 0.617 | 0.889 |
JRA-55 | 0.77 | 0.688 | 0.747 | 0.835 | 0.900 | |
ERA5 | 0.513 | 0.68 | 0.587 | 0.788 | ||
MERRA2 | 0.563 | 0.731 | 0.885 | |||
NOAH | 0.749 | 0.814 | ||||
GLEAM | 0.859 |
Fig.5 Spatial patterns of the (A) mean and (B) standard deviation (STD) of interannual variations in ET averaged in summer (The area between the two blue lines represents the summer monsoon transition zone)
Fig.6 The first two modes of EOF analysis of ET averaged in summer over the summer monsoon transition zone(The red solid line at 115°E indicates the boundary between the western and eastern parts. The red dashed line represents the boundary between the northern and eastern parts)
Fig.7 Interannual variations of standardized values of summer rainfall, the monsoon northernmost marginal index, and the monsoon temporal duration index (MTDI) over the (A) western and (B) eastern parts of the summer monsoon transition zone
Fig.8 Interannual variations in ET and the monsoon temporal duration index (MTDI) for the (A) western and (C) eastern parts of the summer monsoon transition zone, and scatterplots between ET and the MTDI for the (B) western and (D) eastern parts of the summer monsoon transition zone
周期 | 夏季风持续时间(MTDI) | 蒸散发(ET) |
---|---|---|
~3年 | 3.4年(25.4%) | 3.2年(59.7%) |
5~8年 | 7.9年(9.8%) | 6.9年(12.6%) |
年代际 | 18.0年(3.5%) | 13.8年(14.4%),27.5年(7.6%) |
非线性趋势 | (61.3%) | (5.8%) |
Table 5 Mean periods and their variance contributions (in parentheses) of various time scale components of the monsoon temporal duration index (MTDI) and the summer mean ET over the western part of the summer monsoon transition zone obtained from the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method
周期 | 夏季风持续时间(MTDI) | 蒸散发(ET) |
---|---|---|
~3年 | 3.4年(25.4%) | 3.2年(59.7%) |
5~8年 | 7.9年(9.8%) | 6.9年(12.6%) |
年代际 | 18.0年(3.5%) | 13.8年(14.4%),27.5年(7.6%) |
非线性趋势 | (61.3%) | (5.8%) |
Fig.9 Decomposition of the monsoon temporal duration index (MTDI) and ET over the western part of the summer monsoon transition zone obtained from the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method
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