Changes in vegetation coverage of desert grasslands in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains in 2001-2020

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00035

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 308-320.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00035

Changes in vegetation coverage of desert grasslands in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains in 2001-2020

Aihong Shen¹(), Jie She², Yun Shi¹^,², Tao Wu³, Yongliang Liang³, Jun Dong⁴, Yiting Ma²

^1.College of Forestry and Prataculture /, Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China
^2.School of Geography And Planning, Ningxia University，Yinchuan 750021，China
^3.Ningxia Helanshan National Nature Reserve Administration，Yinchuan 750021，China
^4.Yinchuan City Surveying and Mapping Institute，Yinchuan 750001，China

Received:2024-01-30 Revised:2024-03-12 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-06-11

Abstract

Abstract:

Helan Mountain is the boundary between deserts and desert grasslands in China. Desert grasslands are distributed on the alluvial fan at its eastern foot， playing a positive role in maintaining ecosystem stability. Research is conducted on the spatiotemporal changes in fraction vegetation coverage （FVC）， and the main factors affecting vegetation coverage changes are analyzed. This study utilized Landsat satellite remote sensing data and inverted the vegetation coverage of desert grasslands in the alluvial fan area of the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains from 2001 to 2020 based on a pixel binary model. The spatial pattern and spatiotemporal variation characteristics were analyzed， and the driving factors were analyzed using Sen+Mann Kendall trend analysis， Hurst index， and parameter optimal geographic detector model. The results indicate that：（1） FVC shows a trend of "higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast" in space， mainly characterized by extremely low vegetation coverage and low vegetation coverage. The average annual FVC is 33.38%， and the overall vegetation coverage is at a relatively low level. （2） From 2001 to 2020， FVC showed a significant increase trend （P<0.01）， with an average annual growth rate of 0.25%. Overall， the northwest and southeast showed an improvement trend， with the improved area accounting for 93.24% of the total vegetation coverage area； The average coefficient of variation of vegetation coverage is 0.394， which is relatively stable overall. The eastern and central regions show the most drastic changes in space， with significant spatial differences. （3） The anti sustainability of vegetation coverage in the study area is strong， with an average Hurst index of 0.495， and 44.77% of the areas are greater than 0.5； From a spatial distribution perspective， the Hurst index is higher in the southern and western parts of the study area， indicating a higher sustainability of vegetation change， while the Hurst index is lower in the eastern and northern parts， indicating a lower sustainability of vegetation change. （4） The annual precipitation and land use type are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage in desert grasslands in the alluvial fan area of the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain. The interaction detection table shows that the impact of next year's precipitation on vegetation coverage is enhanced after the superposition of other factors， while the impact of topography and slope orientation on vegetation coverage is significantly enhanced； Risk detection indicates that each driving factor has an appropriate range of impacts on vegetation growth in the study area. This study helps to reveal the driving mechanisms of different factors on vegetation changes in desert grasslands in the alluvial fan area of the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains.

Key words: desert steppe, vegetation coverage, spatio-temporal differentiation, OPGD model, driving factor

CLC Number:

Q948

Aihong Shen, Jie She, Yun Shi, Tao Wu, Yongliang Liang, Jun Dong, Yiting Ma. Changes in vegetation coverage of desert grasslands in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains in 2001-2020[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(3): 308-320.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Geographical location of study region

Table 1 Probe factor

类型	探测因子	指标	单位	类型	探测因子	指标	单位
地形	X₁	坡向	—	气候	X₆	年均气温	℃
	X₂	坡度	°	气候	X₇	空气湿度	%
	X₃	海拔	m	地貌	X₈	地貌类型	—
气候	X₄	年降水量	mm	植被	X₉	植被类型	—
气候	X₅	日照时数	h	人类活动	X₁₀	土地利用类型	—

Fig.2 Changes and trends of FVC mean from 2001 to 2020

Table 2 Statistics of changes in vegetation coverage

级别	2001年		2020年		面积变化量 /km²	变化率 /%
级别	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积/km²	百分比/%	面积变化量 /km²	变化率 /%
极低	175.60	96.43	49.75	27.32	-125.85	69.11
低	5.17	2.84	124.34	68.28	119.17	65.44
中等	0.99	0.54	6.65	3.65	5.66	3.11
高	0.29	0.16	1.15	0.63	0.856	0.47
极高	0.05	0.03	0.18	0.10	0.13	0.07

Fig.3 Annual changes in areas with a different FVC from 2001 to 2020

Fig.4 Annual changes in the distribution of vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2020

Fig.5 Average FVC spatial distribution and area proportion of each class

Table 3 FVC change trend analysis classification and area ratio

$S F V C$	U值	FVC趋势	面积/km²	比例/%
≥0.0005	≥1.96	明显改善	49.14	22.40
≥0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	轻微改善	155.41	70.84
-0.0005~0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	稳定不变	4.33	1.97
<-0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	轻微下降	9.82	4.48
<-0.0005	U<-1.96	明显下降	0.68	0.31

Table 3 FVC change trend analysis classification and area ratio

$S F V C$	U值	FVC趋势	面积/km²	比例/%
≥0.0005	≥1.96	明显改善	49.14	22.40
≥0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	轻微改善	155.41	70.84
-0.0005~0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	稳定不变	4.33	1.97
<-0.0005	-1.96<U<1.96	轻微下降	9.82	4.48
<-0.0005	U<-1.96	明显下降	0.68	0.31

Fig.6 Trend of the FVC from 2001 to 2020

Fig.7 Spatial distribution of coefficient of variation

Table 4 Percentage of areas of Hurst index classes

Hurst指数	持续性	面积占比/%
0<H<0.3	显著反向持续性	0.34
0.3≤H<0.5	反向持续性	48.78
H=0.5	无后效性	6.10
0.5<H<0.7	正向持续性	44.36
0.7<H≤1	显著正向持续性	0.41

Fig.8 The spatial distribution of Hurst index

Fig.9 Continuous factor discretization process

Fig.10 Result of the FVC factor detector from 2001 to 2020 （P<0.001）

Fig.11 Q values of the FVC interaction detector from 2001 to 2020

Table 5 FVC changes of different types of land use conversion from 2000 to 2020

2020年	2000年
2020年	裸地	耕地	草地	未利用地	水体
裸地	0.07（0.82）	0.2539（0.01）	0.1533（3.96）	0.0700（0.43）	—
耕地	—	0.1573（0.45）	0.0542（0.76）	0.0801（0.03）	—
草地	0.0400（0.18）	0.4047（1.01）	0.1597（90.59）	0.0991（0.87）	0（<<0.01）
未利用地	0（<<0.01）	0.2825（0.0021）	0.1379（0.04）	0.1338（0.85）	0（0.0044）

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Changes in vegetation coverage of desert grasslands in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountains in 2001-2020

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