The effect of graphene addition on the growth of different types of grass and soil nutrients in arid areas

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00119

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 155-165.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00119

The effect of graphene addition on the growth of different types of grass and soil nutrients in arid areas

Ren Mu¹^,²(), Jun Qiao², Guangfu Xu¹, Jingfu Han¹, Xiao Yu¹, Chuijiu Kong¹, Xinle Li¹()

^1.Experimental Center of Desert Forestry / Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem Observation Research Station，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Bayannaoer 015200，Inner Mongolia，China
^2.Engineering Research Center of Coal-based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education，Shanxi Datong University，Datong 037009，Shanxi，China

Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2024-12-12 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-03-26
Contact: Xinle Li

Abstract

Abstract:

Graphene is a new type of carbon material. Its unique material properties enable it to effectively adsorb soil moisture and nutrient ions， which has a positive effect on soil improvement in arid areas. However， there are few studies on the application of graphene in arid areas. To investigate the effects of graphene on grass growth and soil nutrients in arid areas. Using Astragalus adsurgens， Elymus sibiricus， and Elymus dahuricus as materials， five addition levels of graphene were set （C₀：0 mg·L^-1， C₁：25 mg·L^-1， C₂：50 mg·L^-1， C₃：100 mg·L^-1， C₄：200 mg·L^-1）.Conduct seed germination experiments and pot experiments， and determine grass growth indicators and soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that：（1） The germination and growth of grass seeds with graphene addition showed promotion at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg·L^-1， and inhibition at a concentration of 200 mg·L^-1.Under C₁ treatment， the plant height and leaf length of Elymus sibiricus increased by 38.81% and 31.55%， respectively， compared to C₀ treatment （P<0.05）， under C₂ treatment， the total fresh weight of Astragalus adsurgens significantly increased by 51.94% （P<0.05） compared to C₀ treatment， while under C₄ treatment， the germination potential of Elymus dahuricus decreased by 45.46% compared to C₀ treatment. （2） Graphene can increase soil water content and regulate soil nutrients. Under C₄ treatment， the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of Elymus sibiricus increased by 22.51% and 17.82% （P<0.05）， respectively， compared to C₀ treatment； The content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in the soil of Astragalus adsurgens increased by 52.56% and 14.99% （P<0.05） in C₄ treatment compared to C₀ treatment， respectively； The alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil of Elymus dahuricus increased by 48.37% and 19.58% （P<0.05） in C₄ and C₁ treatments compared to C₀ treatments， respectively. （3） The optimal addition amounts of graphene for Astragalus adsurgens， Elymus sibiricus， and Elymus dahuricus are 50， 25， and 25 mg·L^-1， respectively. In general， the moderation of the graphene addition can promote grass growth and improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency， but high concentration graphene addition will have an inhibitory effect on grass growth.

Key words: graphene, arid areas, grass, soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient utilization rate

CLC Number:

Q948.1

Ren Mu, Jun Qiao, Guangfu Xu, Jingfu Han, Xiao Yu, Chuijiu Kong, Xinle Li. The effect of graphene addition on the growth of different types of grass and soil nutrients in arid areas[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(2): 155-165.

Figures/Tables 8

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品种	处理	地上生物量/g		地下生物量/g		总生物量/g		根冠比（干重）
品种	处理	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	根冠比（干重）
沙打旺	C₀	1.49±0.02^b	0.48±0.02^a	0.57±0.08^a	0.23±0.01^b	2.06±0.10^b	0.71±0.01^a	0.49±0.03^a
	C₁	1.96±0.13^ab	0.51±0.03^a	0.62±0.09^a	0.30±0.04^a	2.58±0.21^ab	0.80±0.05^a	0.58±0.09^a
	C₂	2.44±0.21^a	0.54±0.01^a	0.69±0.07^a	0.28±0.01^a	3.13±0.24^a	0.82±0.01^a	0.52±0.02^a
	C₃	1.79±0.27^ab	0.47±0.09^a	0.61±0.02^a	0.27±0.01^a	2.40±0.28^b	0.74±0.10^a	0.61±0.09^a
	C₄	1.58±0.13^ab	0.40±0.01^a	0.45±0.08^a	0.21±0.01^b	2.03±0.10^b	0.51±0.02^b	0.27±0.02^b
老芒麦	C₀	1.05±0.08^a	0.26±0.12^a	0.31±0.03^a	0.07±0.01^b	1.36±0.06^a	0.33±0.13^a	0.36±0.12^ab
	C₁	1.17±0.23^a	0.36±0.01^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.05±0.00^b	1.68±0.35^a	0.43±0.04^a	0.25±0.01^b
	C₂	1.04±0.08^a	0.30±0.03^a	0.51±0.03^a	0.11±0.00^a	1.55±0.09^a	0.40±0.02^a	0.36±0.05^ab
	C₃	1.07±0.09^a	0.32±0.02^a	0.43±0.09^a	0.11±0.02^a	1.50±0.17^a	0.41±0.01^a	0.34±0.05^ab
	C₄	1.00±0.11^a	0.20±0.03^a	0.30±0.07^a	0.08±0.00^b	1.30±0.09^a	0.28±0.03^a	0.44±0.06^a
披碱草	C₀	1.28±0.08^a	0.40±0.05^ab	0.21±0.01^a	0.10±0.01^b	1.50±0.07^ab	0.50±0.05^ab	0.27±0.04^ab
	C₁	1.33±0.06^a	0.44±0.04^ab	0.21±0.06^a	0.13±0.00^a	1.54±0.11^ab	0.56±0.03^a	0.30±0.03^a
	C₂	1.35±0.07^a	0.44±0.01^a	0.22±0.06^a	0.09±0.01^b	1.57±0.11^a	0.53±0.01^a	0.20±0.03^ab
	C₃	1.20±0.10^a	0.34±0.01^bc	0.14±0.01^ab	0.07±0.00^cd	1.34±0.09^ab	0.41±0.01^bc	0.21±0.01^ab
	C₄	0.89±0.33^a	0.30±0.01^c	0.06±0.02^b	0.05±0.01^d	0.95±0.35^b	0.35±0.01^c	0.18±0.03^b

品种	处理	地上生物量/g		地下生物量/g		总生物量/g		根冠比（干重）
品种	处理	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	根冠比（干重）
沙打旺	C₀	1.49±0.02^b	0.48±0.02^a	0.57±0.08^a	0.23±0.01^b	2.06±0.10^b	0.71±0.01^a	0.49±0.03^a
	C₁	1.96±0.13^ab	0.51±0.03^a	0.62±0.09^a	0.30±0.04^a	2.58±0.21^ab	0.80±0.05^a	0.58±0.09^a
	C₂	2.44±0.21^a	0.54±0.01^a	0.69±0.07^a	0.28±0.01^a	3.13±0.24^a	0.82±0.01^a	0.52±0.02^a
	C₃	1.79±0.27^ab	0.47±0.09^a	0.61±0.02^a	0.27±0.01^a	2.40±0.28^b	0.74±0.10^a	0.61±0.09^a
	C₄	1.58±0.13^ab	0.40±0.01^a	0.45±0.08^a	0.21±0.01^b	2.03±0.10^b	0.51±0.02^b	0.27±0.02^b
老芒麦	C₀	1.05±0.08^a	0.26±0.12^a	0.31±0.03^a	0.07±0.01^b	1.36±0.06^a	0.33±0.13^a	0.36±0.12^ab
	C₁	1.17±0.23^a	0.36±0.01^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.05±0.00^b	1.68±0.35^a	0.43±0.04^a	0.25±0.01^b
	C₂	1.04±0.08^a	0.30±0.03^a	0.51±0.03^a	0.11±0.00^a	1.55±0.09^a	0.40±0.02^a	0.36±0.05^ab
	C₃	1.07±0.09^a	0.32±0.02^a	0.43±0.09^a	0.11±0.02^a	1.50±0.17^a	0.41±0.01^a	0.34±0.05^ab
	C₄	1.00±0.11^a	0.20±0.03^a	0.30±0.07^a	0.08±0.00^b	1.30±0.09^a	0.28±0.03^a	0.44±0.06^a
披碱草	C₀	1.28±0.08^a	0.40±0.05^ab	0.21±0.01^a	0.10±0.01^b	1.50±0.07^ab	0.50±0.05^ab	0.27±0.04^ab
	C₁	1.33±0.06^a	0.44±0.04^ab	0.21±0.06^a	0.13±0.00^a	1.54±0.11^ab	0.56±0.03^a	0.30±0.03^a
	C₂	1.35±0.07^a	0.44±0.01^a	0.22±0.06^a	0.09±0.01^b	1.57±0.11^a	0.53±0.01^a	0.20±0.03^ab
	C₃	1.20±0.10^a	0.34±0.01^bc	0.14±0.01^ab	0.07±0.00^cd	1.34±0.09^ab	0.41±0.01^bc	0.21±0.01^ab
	C₄	0.89±0.33^a	0.30±0.01^c	0.06±0.02^b	0.05±0.01^d	0.95±0.35^b	0.35±0.01^c	0.18±0.03^b

因素	自由度	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长
时间	3	60.145^**	43.688^**	33.613^**	99.724^**
浓度	5	7.395^**	1.656^ns	1.431^ns	11.229^**
时间×浓度	15	0.601^ns	1.230^ns	0.768^ns	0.531^ns

因素	自由度	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长
时间	3	60.145^**	43.688^**	33.613^**	99.724^**
浓度	5	7.395^**	1.656^ns	1.431^ns	11.229^**
时间×浓度	15	0.601^ns	1.230^ns	0.768^ns	0.531^ns

时间 /d	处理	株高/cm			基径/mm			叶宽/mm			叶长/cm
时间 /d	处理	沙打旺	老芒麦	披碱草	沙打旺	老芒麦	披碱草	沙打旺	老芒麦	披碱草	沙打旺	老芒麦	披碱草
45	C₀	6.63±1.06^c	17.29±0.81^b	22.10±1.22^a	0.65±0.04^a	0.51±0.03^ab	0.61±0.04^a	6.98±0.28^c	1.25±0.07^a	0.97±0.04^ab	0.89±0.05^b	14.74±1.12^b	15.73±1.61^ab
	C₁	9.84±0.67^ab	24.00±1.43^a	22.10±1.05^a	0.71±0.04^a	0.47±0.03^abc	0.56±0.03^a	7.60±0.31^bc	1.26±0.08^a	1.10±0.05^a	1.15±0.10^a	19.39±1.73^a	15.63±1.67^ab
	C₂	10.65±1.29^a	20.47±0.93^b	23.73±1.70^a	0.77±0.05^a	0.53±0.03^a	0.59±0.03^a	8.55±0.33^a	1.22±0.07^a	0.95±0.05^ab	1.21±0.05^a	15.33±0.74^b	17.79±1.04^a
	C₃	6.99±0.64^c	17.29±0.81^b	25.13±1.61^a	0.69±0.06^a	0.44±0.02^bc	0.61±0.04^a	8.21±0.24^ab	1.08±0.05^a	0.97±0.06^ab	1.19±0.07^a	13.23±0.59^b	15.36±1.10^ab
	C₄	7.46±0.71^bc	18.75±0.57^b	17.47±0.74^b	0.69±0.04^a	0.40±0.03^c	0.60±0.02^a	8.39±0.29^ab	1.11±0.09^a	0.82±0.06^b	1.03±0.07^ab	14.25±0.58^b	12.42±0.64^b
75	C₀	14.22±1.51^bc	25.75±1.49^ab	25.89±1.39^bc	0.72±0.08^b	0.62±0.06^b	0.78±0.05^a	7.92±0.41^c	1.43±0.11^a	1.68±0.11^c	1.27±0.09^a	19.28±0.93^b	21.22±0.73^bc
	C₁	18.11±2.30^a	28.56±2.08^a	28.63±1.93^ab	0.83±0.09^ab	0.82±0.09^a	0.84±0.04^a	9.32±0.25^ab	1.52±0.14^a	2.12±0.15^ab	1.45±0.10^a	23.87±1.33^a	23.56±1.25^a
	C₂	17.22±1.94^ab	25.68±1.65^ab	30.09±1.92^a	0.97±0.11^a	0.60±0.02^b	0.86±0.07^a	9.90±0.85^a	1.45±0.13^a	2.20±0.18^a	1.50±0.05^a	19.93±1.39^b	24.29±1.37^a
	C₃	14.44±1.91^bc	24.33±1.40^ab	28.67±1.86^ab	0.92±0.10^ab	0.61±0.06^b	0.83±0.06^a	8.71±0.56^bc	1.47±0.019^a	1.85±0.23^bc	1.39±0.10^a	18.40±1.63^b	23.12±1.03^ab
	C₄	13.56±1.08^c	21.92±1.46^b	22.67±1.86^c	0.87±0.08^ab	0.67±0.06^ab	0.80±0.09^a	8.21±0.23^c	1.30±0.10^a	1.84±0.08^bc	1.30±0.11^a	17.18±1.02^b	18.08±1.11^c
100	C₀	19.18±1.40^a	26.44±1.43^ab	33.08±1.12^a	0.92±0.07^b	0.92±0.07^ab	1.06±0.08^a	9.59±0.36^ab	1.78±0.08^b	2.09±0.14^b	1.53±0.14^b	19.79±1.16^b	24.98±1.26^bc
	C₁	21.16±1.34^a	32.61±2.24^a	33.18±2.41^a	1.14±0.10^ab	1.11±0.11^a	1.02±0.08^a	9.60±0.38^ab	2.44±0.20^a	2.46±0.10^b	1.84±0.19^ab	24.71±1.46^a	28.23±1.00^ab
	C₂	22.88±2.06^a	27.00±2.59^ab	35.71±2.68^a	1.39±0.65^a	0.89±0.07^ab	1.09±0.07^a	9.96±0.47^a	2.03±0.18^ab	2.91±0.21^a	2.11±0.19^a	21.56±1.38^b	29.29±1.43^a
	C₃	19.67±1.37^a	24.39±2.19^b	33.33±1.45^a	1.01±0.11^ab	0.87±0.08^ab	0.97±0.07^a	9.26±0.38^b	1.84±0.12^b	2.40±0.16^b	1.72±0.12^b	20.21±1.44^b	25.28±2.14^b
	C₄	17.83±1.63^a	22.39±1.87^b	28.18±1.26^b	0.87±0.08^b	0.84±0.08^b	0.96±0.13^a	8.72±0.35^c	1.65±0.13^b	2.12±0.11^b	1.62±0.13^b	20.00±0.84^b	21.47±1.50^c

The effect of graphene addition on the growth of different types of grass and soil nutrients in arid areas

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品种	处理	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	全氮 /(g·kg^-1)	全磷 /(g·kg^-1)	全钾 /(g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 /(mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 /(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 /(mg·kg^-1)
沙打旺	C₀	101.45±3.46^a	3.32±0.03^a	0.77±0.03^a	13.26±0.64^a	389.62±39.09^b	62.38±4.55^a	1 822.50±72.17^ab
	C₁	98.99±1.28^a	3.02±0.15^b	0.60±0.01^b	13.12±1.30^a	421.61±5.47^b	54.88±0.51^ab	1 585.78±41.86^bc
	C₂	103.22±2.92^a	3.28±0.10^ab	0.80±0.02^a	14.59±0.87^a	372.38±12.89^b	60.13±4.84^ab	1 470.35±59.18^c
	C₃	90.51±2.52^b	3.27±0.06^ab	0.66±0.09^ab	14.17±1.83^a	539.14±11.70^a	50.50±1.30^b	1 985.68±165.99^a
	C₄	95.01±5.01^ab	3.21±0.10^ab	0.76±0.05^a	15.07±0.57^a	594.40±32.66^a	49.57±2.17^b	2 095.77±27.42^a
老芒麦	C₀	98.35±2.45^bc	3.03±0.14^b	0.66±0.10^b	15.67±0.54^a	356.16±7.41^b	46.13±0.79^b	2 498.75±517.45^a
	C₁	86.02±6.09^c	2.56±0.10^c	0.67±0.02^ab	14.85±0.71^a	261.45±10.86^c	46.50±1.01^b	1 707.59±11.55^ab
	C₂	89.39±0.60^c	2.85±0.25^bc	0.67±0.01^ab	12.03±0.18^b	284.07±8.69^bc	45.75±0.89^b	1 340.61±24.54^b
	C₃	111.46±8.07^ab	2.95±0.02^bc	0.82±0.18^a	14.22±0.33^a	484.43±5.19^a	44.79±0.14^b	1 825.87±151.55^ab
	C₄	120.49±3.46^a	3.57±0.29^a	0.71±0.08^ab	14.95±0.25^a	569.87±60.93^a	51.63±0.36^a	2 441.25±186.92^a
披碱草	C₀	105.22±6.42^a	3.16±0.05^a	0.62±0.01^c	13.09±0.43^b	494.68±87.40^bc	42.13±1.23^c	1 647.50±51.96^b
	C₁	92.51±2.39^a	3.06±0.01^a	0.65±0.03^bc	13.11±0.26^b	338.73±5.20^c	50.38±0.51^a	1 635.35±90.93^b
	C₂	104.64±6.33^a	3.33±0.39^a	0.80±0.11^a	12.61±0.30^b	353.54±9.15^c	47.63±1.08^ab	1 547.37±118.36^b
	C₃	92.17±4.09^a	3.51±0.30^a	0.67±0.02^b	15.72±0.20^a	609.02±96.49^ab	45.00±1.88^bc	1 987.50±51.96^a
	C₄	102.80±4.13^a	3.65±0.06^a	0.64±0.01^bc	16.16±0.17^a	733.96±14.24^a	44.63±2.38^bc	2 161.25±73.75^a

指标	主成份
指标	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
发芽率	0.24	0.06	0.14	0.14	0.03	-0.11	-0.11
发芽势	0.01	0.07	0.07	0.09	0.38	-0.04	-0.19
发芽指数	0.19	0.04	0.17	0.21	0.06	-0.05	-0.24
株高	-0.01	-0.08	0.03	-0.10	0.45	-0.04	0.09
基径	0.01	0.04	-0.01	0.04	0.01	-0.06	0.54
叶宽	0.07	0.36	-0.05	0.16	0.01	-0.18	0.25
叶长	-0.01	-0.08	0.01	-0.44	0.13	0.00	-0.13
地上生物量（鲜重）	-0.06	0.25	-0.01	-0.13	0.04	0.10	-0.13
地下生物量（鲜重）	0.08	0.30	0.01	-0.13	-0.08	0.11	-0.07
总生物量（鲜重）	0.17	-0.02	-0.13	-0.07	-0.05	0.03	-0.05
地上生物量（干重）	0.08	-0.23	-0.03	-0.10	0.01	0.07	-0.02
地下生物量（干重）	0.03	-0.06	0.03	-0.02	0.00	0.30	-0.12
总生物量（干重）	0.15	-0.11	-0.19	0.02	0.00	-0.04	0.04
根冠比（干重）	0.18	0.08	0.10	-0.19	-0.02	0.05	0.08
土壤含水量	-0.04	-0.04	0.30	-0.04	-0.19	0.34	-0.13
有机质	-0.08	0.01	0.20	0.10	0.16	0.20	0.17
全氮	0.07	-0.11	0.27	-0.08	0.07	-0.09	0.03
全磷	-0.03	0.01	-0.04	0.12	-0.10	0.37	-0.03
全钾	-0.09	-0.14	-0.15	0.30	0.16	0.10	-0.07
碱解氮	0.05	-0.07	0.16	0.16	-0.25	-0.35	-0.24
有效磷	0.19	0.08	-0.02	-0.04	-0.03	-0.04	0.27
速效钾	0.04	0.03	0.39	-0.01	0.03	-0.06	-0.06
特征值	4.37	2.50	2.04	1.93	1.88	1.84	1.55
贡献率/%	19.85	11.37	9.25	8.75	8.53	8.35	7.05
累计贡献率/%	19.85	31.22	40.47	49.22	57.74	66.09	73.14

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指标	处理	发芽率	发芽势	发芽指数	地上生物量		地下生物量		总生物量		根冠比（干重）	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长	综合评价值	排序
指标	处理	发芽率	发芽势	发芽指数	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	根冠比（干重）	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长	综合评价值	排序
沙打旺	C₀	0.000	0.173	0.000	0.000	0.573	0.693	1.000	0.065	0.867	1.000	0.267	0.096	0.702	0.000	0.388	3
	C₁	0.549	0.565	0.757	0.496	0.803	0.499	0.667	0.453	0.768	0.548	0.659	0.519	0.710	0.534	0.609	2
	C₂	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.901	1.000	1.000	0.714	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.973	1
	C₃	0.549	0.000	0.682	0.100	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.364	0.269	0.435	0.328	0.195	5
	C₄	0.226	0.173	0.402	0.317	0.541	0.658	0.870	0.333	0.774	0.984	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.155	0.388	4
老芒麦	C₀	0.575	0.675	0.381	0.263	0.379	0.052	0.051	0.147	0.172	0.134	0.396	0.296	0.165	0.000	0.263	4
	C₁	0.787	0.900	0.739	1.000	0.000	0.976	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.038	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.674	1
	C₂	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.228	0.617	1.000	0.160	0.667	0.336	0.131	0.451	0.185	0.481	0.360	0.544	3
	C₃	0.489	1.000	0.498	0.391	0.755	0.624	1.000	0.528	1.000	1.000	0.196	0.111	0.241	0.085	0.566	2
	C₄	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.096	0.000	0.425	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.043	0.112	5
披碱草	C₀	0.440	0.575	0.455	0.858	1.000	0.932	0.664	0.925	0.894	0.543	0.651	0.769	0.000	0.449	0.654	3
	C₁	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.958	0.955	0.919	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.664	0.462	0.451	0.864	0.877	1
	C₂	0.743	0.920	0.572	0.668	0.000	1.000	0.491	0.795	0.000	0.996	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.727	2
	C₃	0.545	0.804	0.372	1.000	0.694	0.507	0.269	0.920	0.473	0.257	0.684	0.077	0.378	0.487	0.533	4
	C₄	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.287	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.025	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.037	0.000	0.025	5

指标	处理	发芽率	发芽势	发芽指数	地上生物量		地下生物量		总生物量		根冠比（干重）	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长	综合评价值	排序
指标	处理	发芽率	发芽势	发芽指数	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	鲜重	干重	根冠比（干重）	株高	基径	叶宽	叶长	综合评价值	排序
沙打旺	C₀	0.000	0.173	0.000	0.000	0.573	0.693	1.000	0.065	0.867	1.000	0.267	0.096	0.702	0.000	0.388	3
	C₁	0.549	0.565	0.757	0.496	0.803	0.499	0.667	0.453	0.768	0.548	0.659	0.519	0.710	0.534	0.609	2
	C₂	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.901	1.000	1.000	0.714	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.973	1
	C₃	0.549	0.000	0.682	0.100	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.364	0.269	0.435	0.328	0.195	5
	C₄	0.226	0.173	0.402	0.317	0.541	0.658	0.870	0.333	0.774	0.984	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.155	0.388	4
老芒麦	C₀	0.575	0.675	0.381	0.263	0.379	0.052	0.051	0.147	0.172	0.134	0.396	0.296	0.165	0.000	0.263	4
	C₁	0.787	0.900	0.739	1.000	0.000	0.976	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.038	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.674	1
	C₂	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.228	0.617	1.000	0.160	0.667	0.336	0.131	0.451	0.185	0.481	0.360	0.544	3
	C₃	0.489	1.000	0.498	0.391	0.755	0.624	1.000	0.528	1.000	1.000	0.196	0.111	0.241	0.085	0.566	2
	C₄	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.096	0.000	0.425	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.043	0.112	5
披碱草	C₀	0.440	0.575	0.455	0.858	1.000	0.932	0.664	0.925	0.894	0.543	0.651	0.769	0.000	0.449	0.654	3
	C₁	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.958	0.955	0.919	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.664	0.462	0.451	0.864	0.877	1
	C₂	0.743	0.920	0.572	0.668	0.000	1.000	0.491	0.795	0.000	0.996	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.727	2
	C₃	0.545	0.804	0.372	1.000	0.694	0.507	0.269	0.920	0.473	0.257	0.684	0.077	0.378	0.487	0.533	4
	C₄	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.287	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.025	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.037	0.000	0.025	5